roistressofstofthelandshborderedupon
thediterranean
theroneire
hoeaftercenturies
ofunrestandrevolutionbeca
aneire
anaresretuedfrohesenyvictorious
caaigns;theyhgreatjubilation
alasandalaaketheuntryany
happieronthentrarytheendlesscaaignshadruined
thefarrspire
kingithadplauchpohehandsofthe
successfulgeneralsandtheirprivatefriendswhohadused
theuseforwholesalerobbery
theoldronrepubliplicity
ousnthe
needoftheshabbyatsandthehigh
principleshedaysofitsgrandfathers
itbecaalandofrichpeopleruledbyrichpeople
forthebenefitofrichpeopleassuchitedto
disastrousfailure;asishallnoellyou
ehadbee
thestressofpraediterranean
inthoseearlydaysofhistoryaprisonerof
hisfreedondbecaaslavetheronregardedwaras
averyseriousbusinessandheshoercytoanquered
foeafterthefallofcarthage;thecarthaginianenand
childrenobondagetogetherhtheirownslaves
andalikefateaedtheobstinateinhabitantsofgreeceand
cedoniaandspainandsyriaheydaredtorevolt
againsttheronpower
terelyapieceof
oneyinfactories
theriesenators;generalsandwar
profiteersinvestedtheirsinlandandinslavestheland
theyboughtortookinthenehe
slavestheyboughtinopenrketheyhappenedto
becheapestduringstofthethirdandsendcenturies
beforechristthereifulsupply;andasaresultthe
landoheirslavesuntiltheydroppeddeadintheir
tracks;heyboughthenearestbargainunter
ofrinthianorcarthaginiancaptives
andnoer
hehaddonehisdutytoeandhehadfoughther
battlesplaintbutehoafterten;
fifteenortyyea
………………………………
第23节
rs;hislandshweedsand
hisfalyhadbeenruinedbutheanand
obeginlifeaneedanded
fortheharvesthearkettogether
hhiscattleandhispoultry;tofindthatthelargelandowners
all
alongthelineforaupleofyearshetriedtoholdhisown
thenhegaveupindespairhelefttheuntryandhe
tothenearestcityinthecityhewasashungryashehadbeen
beforeonthelandbuthesharedhisseryhthousands
ofotherdisinheritedbeingstheycrouchedtogetherinfilthy
hovelsinthesuburbsofthelargecitiesthey
togetsiicstheywereall
profoundlydisntentedtheyhadfoughtfortheiruntryand
thisheirreolistento
thoseplausiblespellbindersheraroundapublic
grievanea
gravenacetothesafetyofthestate
buttheclassofthenesshoulders
‘‘yandourpolicen;theyargued;‘‘they
obinorderandtheyhidtheelvesbehind
thehighheirpleasantvillasandcultivatedtheir
gardensandreadthepoeofacertainhorhagreek
slavehadjusttranslatedintoverypleasinglatinhexaters
inafeilieshoheoldtraditionofunselfish
servionhntinuedelia;thedaughter
ofsarriedtoaronbythe
naofgracchusshehadtiberiusandgaius
heboysgreheyenteredpoliticsandtriedtobring
aboutsacensushadshown
thatstofthelandoftheitalianpeninsulawasownedby
tiliestiberiusgracchus;havingbeen
eleenherevivedtwo
ancientlaberofacreshasingle
oightpossessinthisorevivethe
valuableoldallandindependentfreeholdersthe
nearobberandaneneofthestate
therereetriotsapartyofthugsokillthe
populartribunetiberiusgracchustackedwhenhe
enteredtheasselyandentodeathtenyearslater
hisbrothergaiustriedtheexperintofrefoganation
againsttheexpressedrongprivilegedclasshe
passeda‘‘poorlaeanttohelpthedestitute
farrseventuallyitdethegreaterpartoftheron
citizensintoprofessionalbeggars
heestablishedloniesofdestitutepeopleindistantparts
oftheeire;butthesesettlentsfailedtoattracttheright
sortofpeoplebeforegaiusgrahe
toourderedandhisfolloherkilledorexiled
thefirsttershadbeengentlenthetwowho
caafterptheywere
professionalsoldiersoneeofthe
otherhenjoyedalargepersonalfollowing
sullaarius;thevictor
inagreatbattleatthefootofthealpsheteutons
andthecirihadbeenannihilated;hepopularhero
ofthedisinheritedfreen
nohappenedintheyear88bcthatthesenateof
rooursthatcafrosia
thridates;kingofauntryalongtheshoresoftheblack
sea;andagreekonhisthersside;hadseenthepossibility
ofestablishingasendalexandrianeirehebeganhis
an
citizensen;enand
eante
equippedanartorchagainstthekingofpontusand
punishhiorhiscributnderin
chief‘‘sulla;saidthesenate;‘‘becauseheisnsul
‘‘rius;saidtheb;‘‘becausehehasbeennsulfivetis
andbecauseheisthechaionofourrights
possessionisninepointsofthelaobe
inayhetodefeat
thridatesandriusfledtoafricathereheed
untilheheardthatsullahadcrossedintoasiahethen
retuedtoitaly;gatheredatleycrealntents;
reandenteredthecityhhisprofessional
highen;spentfivedaysandfivenights;slaughteringthe
eneesofthesenatorialparty;gothielfelectednsuland
protlydiedfroheexcitentofthelastfortnight
therefollohensulla;having
defeatedthridates;announcedthatheoretu
toroandsettleafeoresofhisownhewasas
goodashising
thoseoftheirfelloocratic
syathiesonedaytheygotholdofayoungfelloho
hadbeenoftenseeninthepanyofriustheywere
goingtohanghioneinterfered‘‘theboyistoo
young;hesaid;andtheylethiohisnawasjulius
eethigainonthenextpage
asforsulla;hebeca‘‘dictator;eantsoleand
suprerulerofalltheronpossessionsheruledro
forfouryears;andhediedquietlyinhisbed;havingspentthe
lastyearofhislifetenderlyraisinghiscabbages;ashe
anyronsekilling
theirfelloen
butnditionsdidnotgroteronthentrary;they
grepeius;orpoey;
aclosefriendofsulla;easttorenehethe
evertroublesothridateshedrovethatenergeticpotentate
intotheuntainsithridatestookpoisonand
killedhielf;asaron
eover
syria;destroyedjerusaleroadthrougheasia;
tryingtorevivethethofalexanderthegreat;andatlast
intheyear62retuedtorohadozenshiploadsof
defeatedkingsandprincesandgenerals;allofwere
forphalproously
popularronofforty
lliondollarsinplunder
itentofrobeplaced
inthehandsofastrongnonlyafeonthsbefore;the
toostfallenintothehandsofagoodfoothing
youngaristocratbythenaofcatiline;bled
aoneyandhopedtoreiursehielfforhislosse
………………………………
第24节
sby
alittleplunderingcicero;apublicspiritedlaovered
theplot;hadhesenate;andhadforcedcatiline
tofleebutthereenilaraitions
anditeforidletalk
poeyorganisedatriuirateotakecharge
ofaffairshebeittee
gaiusjuliusself
asgoveorofspain;ndthe
thirdeofcrassus
hehadbeenelectedbecauseherediblyrich;havingbeen
asuccessfulntractorofupon
anexpeditionagainsttheparthiansandwaskilled
asforcaesar;heablestofthethree;he
deilitaryglorytobee
apopularherohecrossedthealpsandnqueredthatpart
ofthered
asolidherhineandinvadedtheland
oftheonsfinallyhetookshipandvisitedengland
heavenknoighthaveendedifhehadnotbeen
forpey;soheed;had
beenappointeddieantthat
caesarobeplacedonthelistofthe‘‘retiredofficers;and
theideadidnotappealtohihereeredthathehad
begunlifeasafolloariushedecidedtoteachthe
senatorsandtheir‘‘dictatoranotherlessonhecrossedthe
rubinriveredtheprovinceofcisalpinegaul
frotalyeveryhe‘‘friendofthe
peopleeandpoey
fledtogreececaesarfolloanddefeatedhisfollowers
nearpharsaluspoeysailedaediterraneanand
escapedtoegyptwhenhelandedheurderedbyorder
ofyoungkingptoleafeercaesararrived
hefoundhielfcaughtinatrapboththeegyptiansand
therongarrisonainedfaithfultopoey;
attackedhisca
fortunehcaesarhesucceededinsettingfireto
theegyptianfleetincidentallythesparksofthebuing
vesselsfellontheroofofthefauslibraryofalexandria
offtheerfront;anddestroyeditnext
heattackedtheegyptianar;drovethesoldiersintothe
nile;droy;andestablishedaneent
undercleopatra;thesisterofthelatekingjustthenword
reaithridates;
hadgoneonthearchednorthed
phaacesinaedfivedays;sentwordof
hisvieinthefaussentence‘‘veni;vidi;vici;
e;isaued
toegyptelyinlovehcleopatra;who
follotorouedtotakechargeofthe
govent;intheyear46herchedattheheadofnot
lessthanfourdifferentvictoryparades;havingwonfour
differentcaaigns
thencaesarappearedinthesenatetoreportuponhis
adventures;andthegratefulsenatedehi‘dictatorfor
tenyearsitalstep
theneadeseriousattetstoreforhe
ronstatehedeitpossibleforfreentobee
ersofthesenatehenferredtherightsofcitizenship
upondistantnitiesashadbeendoneintheearlydays
ofronhistoryhepertted‘‘foreignerstoexercise
influenentherefordtheadnistration
ofthedistantprovincesilies
hadetoregardastheirprivatepossessionsinshorthe
didnythingsforthegoodofthejorityofthepeoplebut
adehihoroughlyunpopularostpowerful
ninthestatehalfahundredyoungaristoeda
plot‘‘tosavetherepubliarchthefifteenth
ofrchacrdingtothatnealendarhcaesar
hadbroughtfrogyptcaesarurderedwhen
heenteredthesenateoneaster
thereenriedtontinuethetraditionof
caesarsgloryoneersecretarythe
otheravian;caesarsgrandnepheohis
estateoctavianreinedinro;butantonytoegypt
tobenearcleopatrahetoohadfalleninlove;as
seetohavebeenthehabitofrongenerals
a;
oselfand
cleopatrayshetriedvery
hardtokeoctavianherthirdronnquestwhenshe
saakenoiressionuponthisveryproud
aristocrat;shekilledherself;andegyptbecaaronprovince
asforoctavian;heanandhedid
notrepeatthestakeofhisfausuncleheknewhow
peopleodestinhisdends
ehedidnottobea‘‘dictator
heirelysatisfiedhthetitleof‘‘thehonourable
buthesenate;afeer;addressed
hisaugustustheillustrioushedidnotobjectandafew
yearslatertheninthestreetcalledhiaesar;orkaiser;
edtoregardoctavianastheir
nderinasthechief;theieratoror
eerortherepublichadbeeaneire;buttheaverage
ronhefact
in14adhispositionastheabsoluterulerofthe
ronpeoplehadbeesoade
anobjectofthatdivinehertohadbeenreserved
forthegodsandhissuccessorsperorsthe
absoluterulersofthegreatesteiretheworldhad
everseen
ifthetruthbetold;theaveragecitizenired
ofanarchyanddisorderhedidnotcareprovided
theneastergavehichancetolivequietlyand
houtthenoiseofetealstreetriotsoctavianassuredhis
subjectsfortyyearsofpeacehehadnodesiretoextendthe
frontiersofhisdoins;intheyear9adhehadntebr 》
platedaninvasionofthenorthehwas
inhabitedbytheteutonsbutvarrus;hisgeneral;hadbeen
killedenintheteutoburgerthat
theronsdenofurtherattetstocivilisethesewild
people
theyn
ofintealreforbutituchgoodtwo
centuriesofrevolutionandforeignedlykilled
thebestnangtheyoungergenerationsithadr
………………………………
第25节
uined
theersithadintroducedslavelabor;
againstanuldhopetopeteithad
tuedthecitiesintobeehives
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