《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第5部分


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    attackthelatinneighbourshadregnisedtheadvantages

    ofacloseunionhsuchapoheyhadtried

    tofindabasisforsosortofdefensiveandoffensivealliance

    otheations;egyptians;babylonians;phoenicians;

    evengreeks;ission

    onthepartofthe‘‘barbarians;theronsdidnothingof

    thesorttheygavethe‘‘outsiderachancetobeepartners

    inan‘‘respublionh

    ‘‘youtojoinus;theysaid‘‘verywell;goahead

    andjoinreatyouasifyouizens

    ofroinretuforthisprivilegeyouto

    fightforourcity;thetherofusall;shallbe

    necessary

    the‘‘outsiderappreciatedthisgenerosityandheshowed

    hisgratitudebyhisunsy

    yhadbeenattacked;theforeign

    residentshadvedoutasquicklyastheyuldwhydefend

    sothingeantnothingtotheutateorary

    boardinghouseinheyoleratedaslongasthey

    paidtheirbillsbutyhegates

    ofro;allthelatinsrushedtoherdefenceitheir

    thereevenif

    theylivedahundredlesahewalls

    ofthesacredhills

    nodefeatandnodisasteruldchangethissentintin

    thebeginningofthefourthcenturybctheed

    theiranaear

    theriveralliaandhadrcheduponthecitytheyhad

    takenroandthentheyexpectedthatthepeoplewould

    eandsueforpeacetheyed;butnothinghappened

    afterashorttithegaulsfoundtheelvessurroundedby

    ahostilepopulationadeitiossiblefortheoobtain

    suppliesaftersevennths;hungerforcedtheohdraw

    thepolietotreatthe‘‘foreigneronequal

    terhadprovedagreatsuccessandrostoodstrongerthan

    everbefore

    thisshortaeshowsyou

    theenorusdifferencebetanidealofahealthy

    state;andthatoftheancientbodiedinthe

    toansunteduponthecheerful

    andheartyoperationbetberof‘‘equalcitizens

    thecarthaginians;follopleofegypt

    andeasia;insistedupontheunreasoningandtherefore

    unsandhesefailed

    theyhiredprofessionalsoldierstodotheirfightingforthe

    youandhageofear

    suchacleverandpoyandheplutocracyof

    carthageooight

    destroythedangerousrivalbeforeitoolate

    buttheen;knehat

    itneverpaystorushtterstheyproposedtotherons

    thattheirrespectivecitiesdraapand

    thateachtooneofthesecirclesasherown‘‘sphere

    ofinfluenceandprosetokeepoutoftheotherfellows

    circletheagreentptlydeand

    asprotlyhsidesthoughtitosendtheir

    arestosicilyentinvited

    foreigninterference

    thehesocalledfirstpunicwar

    lastedtyfouryearsitoutonthehighseas

    andinthebeginningitseedthattheexperiencedcar

    thaginiannavyanfleet

    folloheirancienttactics;thecarthaginianshipswould

    eitherraheenevesselsorbyaboldattackfroheside

    theyheiroarsandhenkillthesailorsof

    thehelplessvesselhtheirarrohfireballsbut

    ronengineersinventedanehcarriedaboarding

    bridgeaenstordthe

    hostileshipthenthereocarthaginian

    viylaetheirfleeted

    carthageepart

    oftherondoins

    tein

    questofpperhadtakentheislandofsardiniacarthage

    inquestofsilverthereuponoccupiedallofsouthespain

    thisdeansthe

    latterdidnotlikethisatallandtheyorderedtheirtroopsto

    crossthepyreneesandyofoccupation

    thestageforthesendoutbreakbethetwo

    rivalsoncereagreeklonyhepretextforawar

    thecarthaginiansontheeastast

    ofspainthesaguntiansappealedtoroandro;as

    usual;isedthehelpof

    thelatinares;butthepreparationforthi
………………………………

第21节

    sexpeditiontook

    soti;andanhadbeentakenandhad

    beendestroyedthishadbeendoneindirectoppositionto

    theethesenatedecideduponan

    arakealandingoncarthaginian

    soilasenddivisionokeepthecarthaginian

    aresofroushingtothe

    aidofthehotoplanandeverybody

    expectedagreatvictorybutthegodshaddecided

    otherwise

    ithefalloftheyear218beforethebirthofchrist

    andtheronaroattackthecarthaginiansin

    spainhadleftitalypeopleingfoewsof

    aneasyandpletevictoryourbeganto

    spreadthroughtheplainofthepoountaineers;their

    lipstrelinghfear;toldofhundredsofthousandsof

    broenacpaniedbystrangebeasts‘‘eachoneasbigas

    ahouse;ergedfrohecloudsofsnow

    heoldgraianpassthroughhhercules;

    thousandsofyearsbefore;haddriventheoxenofgeryonon

    hisspaintogreeof

    bedraggledrefugeesappearedbeforethegatesofro;h

    repletedetailshannibal;thesonofhalcar;h

    fiftythousandsoldiers;nihousandhorsenandthirty

    sevenfightingelephants;hadcrossedthepyreneeshehad

    defeatedtheronarofscipioonthebanksoftherhone

    andhehadguidedhisarsafelyaountainpasses

    ofthealpsalthoughitoberandtheroadshickly

    veredhsnoh

    thegaulsandtogethertheyhaddefeatedasendron

    arjustbeforetheycrossedthetrebiaandlaidsiegeto

    plainusoftheroaded

    rohtheprovinceofthealpinedistricts

    thesenate;surprisedbutcalndenergeticasusual;

    husheduptheneanydefeatsandsenttwofresh

    arestostoptheinvaderhannibalnagedtosurprise

    thesetroopsonanarroene

    lakeandtherehekilledalltheronofficersandst

    oftheithistithereongthepeople

    ofro;butthesenatekeptitsnerveathirdarwas

    organisedandthendus

    hfullpooact‘‘asosavethestate

    fabiuskneustbeverycarefullestallbelost

    hisraen;thelastavailablesoldiers;were

    notchforhannibalsveteransherefusedtoacceptbattle

    butforeverhefolloroyedeverythingeatable;

    destroyedtheroads;attackedslldetachntsandgenerally

    oraleofthecarthaginiantroopsbya

    stdistressingandannoyingforfguerillawarfare

    suchthodshoecrowds

    etheyed

    ‘‘aethingstbedoneandstbedonequickly

    apopularherobythenaofvarro;thesortofnwho

    uchbetterheuld

    dothingsthansloade

    nderinationatthebattleof

    an

    historyrethanseventythousandnwerekilledhannibal

    asterofallitaly

    herchedfroneendofthepeninsulatotheother;

    proe

    andaskingthedifferentprovininwarfareupon

    thetheroretheofrobore

    noblefruiththeexceptionsofcapuaandsyracuse;all

    roncitiesreinedloyalhannibal;thedeliverer;

    foundhielfopposedbythepeopleended

    tobehehoanddidnotlike

    thesituationhesentssengerstocarthagetoaskforfresh

    suppliesandneenalas;

    either

    theronsasters

    oftheseahannibalsthelphielfasbestheuld

    hentinuedtodefeattheronaresthatout

    againsthibuthisobersreasingrapidlyand

    theitalianpeasantsheldalooffrohisselfappointed

    ‘‘deliverer

    afteyyearsofuninterruptedvictories;hannibal

    foundhielfbesiegedintheuntry

    nqueredforant;theluckseedtotuhasdrubal;

    hisbrother;haddefeatedtheronaresinspainhehad

    crossedthealpstoetohannibalsassistancehesent

    ssengerstothesouthtotellofhisarrivalandasktheother

    artoethintheplainofthetiberunfortunatelythe

    ssengersfellintothehandsoftheronsandhannibal

    edinvainforfurtheeilhisbrothershead;neatly

    papandtoldhibr 》

    ofthefateofthelastofthecarthaginiantroops

    hhasdrubaloutoftheipio

    easilyrenqueredspainandfouryearslatertherons

    tackuponcarthagehannibalwas

    calledbackhecrossedtheafricanseaandtriedtoorganise

    thedefenecityintheyear202atthebattle

    ofza;thecarthaginiansedhannibalfledto

    tyrefrohereheinortostirupthesyrians

    andtheeheacplishedvery

    littlebuthisactivitiesangtheseasiaticpohe

    ronsanexcusetocarrytheirotheterritoryof

    theeastandannexthegreaterpartoftheaegeanworld

    drivenfronecitytoanother;afugitivee;

    hannibalatlastknebitiousdreaad

    ehisbelovedcityofcarthagehadbeenruinedbythe

    osignaterriblepeaceheavy

    hadbeensunkshehadbeenforbiddentokehout

    ronperssionshehadbeenndeedtopaytherons

    llionsofdollarsforendlessyearstoelifeoffered

    nohopeofabetterfutureintheyear190bchannibaltook

    poisonandkilledhielf

    fortyyearslater;theronsforcedtheirlastwarupon

    carthagethreelongyearstheinhabitantsoftheoldphoenician

    lonyheldoutagainstthepohene

    hungerforcedtheosurrenderthefeenanden

    hesiegeywas

    setonfireforthestorehousesandthepal

    acesandthegreatarsenalbuedthenaterriblecursewas

    pronounanlegions

    retuedtoitalytoenjoytheirvictory

    forthenextthousandyears;thediterraneanrein
………………………………

第22节

    ed

    aeuropeanseabutassoonastheroneirehadbeen

    destroyed;asiadeanotherattettodonatethisgreat

    inlandsea;asyoud

    theriseofro

    hoehappened

    theroneirenooneplannedit

    it‘‘happenednofausgeneralorstatesnorcut

    throatevergotupandsaid‘‘friends;rons;citizens;we

    stfoundaneirefolloeandtogetheronquer

    allthelandfrohegatesofherculestounttaurus

    roproducedfausgeneralsandequallydistinguished

    statesnandanaresfoughtallover

    theaneirekinghout

    aprenceivedplantheaverageronatter

    offaentwhen

    soonebegantorecite‘‘eastaneire;

    ethejustntinued

    totakereandrelandbe

    todosohebitionorbygreedboth

    bynatureandinclinationheerandedtostay

    athobuttackedheodefend

    hielfandyhappenedtocrosstheseatoask

    foraidinadistantuntrythenthepatientronrched

    nydrearylestodefeatthisdangerousfoeandhis

    hadbeenainster{sic}his

    heyfallintothehandsof

    etheelvesanaceto

    ronsafetyitsoundsratherplicatedandyettothe

    nteorariesitple;asyoushallseeinant

    intheyear203bcscipiohadcrossedtheafricansea

    andhadcarriedtheoafricacarthagehadcalledhannibal

    baercenaries;hannibal

    hadbeendefeatednearzatheronshadaskedforhis

    surrenderandhannibalhadfledtogetaidfrohekingsof

    ylastchapter

    therulersofthesetnantsoftheeire

    ofalexanderthegreatjustthenplatingan

    expeditionagainstegypttheyhopedtodividetherichnile

    valleybetselvesthekingofegypthadheardof

    thisandhehadaskedrotoetohissupportthestage

    berofhighlyinterestingplotsandunter

    plotsbuttherons;agination;rang

    thecurtaindoheplayhadbeenfairlystarted

    theirlegionspletelydefeatedtheheavygreekphalanx

    ation

    thathappenedintheyear197bcatthebattleinthe

    plainsofcynoscephalae;or‘‘dogsheads;incentralthessaly

    theronsthenrchedsouthed

    thegreeksthattheyhadeto‘‘deliverthehellenes

    frohecedonianyokethegreeks;havingleaed

    nothingintheiryearsofseslavery;usedtheie

    inastunfortunateore

    begantoquarrelheachotherastheyhaddoneinthegood

    olddaystherons;tleunderstandingandless

    loveforthesesillybickeringsofaraceheyratherdespised;

    shoforebearancebuttiringoftheseendless

    dissensionstheylostpatience;invadedgreece;bueddown

    rinthto‘‘enuragetheothergreeksandsentaron

    goveortoathenstorulethisturbulentprovinceinthis

    ebufferstatesected

    roseastefrontier

    anof

    syria;andantiochusiii;hatvastland;hadshown

    greateageessinguishedguest;generalhan

    nibal;explainedtohiooinvadeitaly

    andsae

    luciusscipio;abrotherofscipiotheafricanfighterwho

    haddefeatedhannibalandhiscarthaginiansatza;was

    senttoasianorhedestroyedthearesofthesyrian

    kingneargnesiaintheyear190bcshortlyafterwards;

    antiochusinor

    beallcityrepublif

    roistressofstofthelandshborderedupon

    thediterranean

    theroneire

    hoeaft
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