attackthelatinneighbourshadregnisedtheadvantages
ofacloseunionhsuchapoheyhadtried
tofindabasisforsosortofdefensiveandoffensivealliance
otheations;egyptians;babylonians;phoenicians;
evengreeks;ission
onthepartofthe‘‘barbarians;theronsdidnothingof
thesorttheygavethe‘‘outsiderachancetobeepartners
inan‘‘respublionh
‘‘youtojoinus;theysaid‘‘verywell;goahead
andjoinreatyouasifyouizens
ofroinretuforthisprivilegeyouto
fightforourcity;thetherofusall;shallbe
necessary
the‘‘outsiderappreciatedthisgenerosityandheshowed
hisgratitudebyhisunsy
yhadbeenattacked;theforeign
residentshadvedoutasquicklyastheyuldwhydefend
sothingeantnothingtotheutateorary
boardinghouseinheyoleratedaslongasthey
paidtheirbillsbutyhegates
ofro;allthelatinsrushedtoherdefenceitheir
thereevenif
theylivedahundredlesahewalls
ofthesacredhills
nodefeatandnodisasteruldchangethissentintin
thebeginningofthefourthcenturybctheed
theiranaear
theriveralliaandhadrcheduponthecitytheyhad
takenroandthentheyexpectedthatthepeoplewould
eandsueforpeacetheyed;butnothinghappened
afterashorttithegaulsfoundtheelvessurroundedby
ahostilepopulationadeitiossiblefortheoobtain
suppliesaftersevennths;hungerforcedtheohdraw
thepolietotreatthe‘‘foreigneronequal
terhadprovedagreatsuccessandrostoodstrongerthan
everbefore
thisshortaeshowsyou
theenorusdifferencebetanidealofahealthy
state;andthatoftheancientbodiedinthe
toansunteduponthecheerful
andheartyoperationbetberof‘‘equalcitizens
thecarthaginians;follopleofegypt
andeasia;insistedupontheunreasoningandtherefore
unsandhesefailed
theyhiredprofessionalsoldierstodotheirfightingforthe
youandhageofear
suchacleverandpoyandheplutocracyof
carthageooight
destroythedangerousrivalbeforeitoolate
buttheen;knehat
itneverpaystorushtterstheyproposedtotherons
thattheirrespectivecitiesdraapand
thateachtooneofthesecirclesasherown‘‘sphere
ofinfluenceandprosetokeepoutoftheotherfellows
circletheagreentptlydeand
asprotlyhsidesthoughtitosendtheir
arestosicilyentinvited
foreigninterference
thehesocalledfirstpunicwar
lastedtyfouryearsitoutonthehighseas
andinthebeginningitseedthattheexperiencedcar
thaginiannavyanfleet
folloheirancienttactics;thecarthaginianshipswould
eitherraheenevesselsorbyaboldattackfroheside
theyheiroarsandhenkillthesailorsof
thehelplessvesselhtheirarrohfireballsbut
ronengineersinventedanehcarriedaboarding
bridgeaenstordthe
hostileshipthenthereocarthaginian
viylaetheirfleeted
carthageepart
oftherondoins
tein
questofpperhadtakentheislandofsardiniacarthage
inquestofsilverthereuponoccupiedallofsouthespain
thisdeansthe
latterdidnotlikethisatallandtheyorderedtheirtroopsto
crossthepyreneesandyofoccupation
thestageforthesendoutbreakbethetwo
rivalsoncereagreeklonyhepretextforawar
thecarthaginiansontheeastast
ofspainthesaguntiansappealedtoroandro;as
usual;isedthehelpof
thelatinares;butthepreparationforthi
………………………………
第21节
sexpeditiontook
soti;andanhadbeentakenandhad
beendestroyedthishadbeendoneindirectoppositionto
theethesenatedecideduponan
arakealandingoncarthaginian
soilasenddivisionokeepthecarthaginian
aresofroushingtothe
aidofthehotoplanandeverybody
expectedagreatvictorybutthegodshaddecided
otherwise
ithefalloftheyear218beforethebirthofchrist
andtheronaroattackthecarthaginiansin
spainhadleftitalypeopleingfoewsof
aneasyandpletevictoryourbeganto
spreadthroughtheplainofthepoountaineers;their
lipstrelinghfear;toldofhundredsofthousandsof
broenacpaniedbystrangebeasts‘‘eachoneasbigas
ahouse;ergedfrohecloudsofsnow
heoldgraianpassthroughhhercules;
thousandsofyearsbefore;haddriventheoxenofgeryonon
hisspaintogreeof
bedraggledrefugeesappearedbeforethegatesofro;h
repletedetailshannibal;thesonofhalcar;h
fiftythousandsoldiers;nihousandhorsenandthirty
sevenfightingelephants;hadcrossedthepyreneeshehad
defeatedtheronarofscipioonthebanksoftherhone
andhehadguidedhisarsafelyaountainpasses
ofthealpsalthoughitoberandtheroadshickly
veredhsnoh
thegaulsandtogethertheyhaddefeatedasendron
arjustbeforetheycrossedthetrebiaandlaidsiegeto
plainusoftheroaded
rohtheprovinceofthealpinedistricts
thesenate;surprisedbutcalndenergeticasusual;
husheduptheneanydefeatsandsenttwofresh
arestostoptheinvaderhannibalnagedtosurprise
thesetroopsonanarroene
lakeandtherehekilledalltheronofficersandst
oftheithistithereongthepeople
ofro;butthesenatekeptitsnerveathirdarwas
organisedandthendus
hfullpooact‘‘asosavethestate
fabiuskneustbeverycarefullestallbelost
hisraen;thelastavailablesoldiers;were
notchforhannibalsveteransherefusedtoacceptbattle
butforeverhefolloroyedeverythingeatable;
destroyedtheroads;attackedslldetachntsandgenerally
oraleofthecarthaginiantroopsbya
stdistressingandannoyingforfguerillawarfare
suchthodshoecrowds
etheyed
‘‘aethingstbedoneandstbedonequickly
apopularherobythenaofvarro;thesortofnwho
uchbetterheuld
dothingsthansloade
nderinationatthebattleof
an
historyrethanseventythousandnwerekilledhannibal
asterofallitaly
herchedfroneendofthepeninsulatotheother;
proe
andaskingthedifferentprovininwarfareupon
thetheroretheofrobore
noblefruiththeexceptionsofcapuaandsyracuse;all
roncitiesreinedloyalhannibal;thedeliverer;
foundhielfopposedbythepeopleended
tobehehoanddidnotlike
thesituationhesentssengerstocarthagetoaskforfresh
suppliesandneenalas;
either
theronsasters
oftheseahannibalsthelphielfasbestheuld
hentinuedtodefeattheronaresthatout
againsthibuthisobersreasingrapidlyand
theitalianpeasantsheldalooffrohisselfappointed
‘‘deliverer
afteyyearsofuninterruptedvictories;hannibal
foundhielfbesiegedintheuntry
nqueredforant;theluckseedtotuhasdrubal;
hisbrother;haddefeatedtheronaresinspainhehad
crossedthealpstoetohannibalsassistancehesent
ssengerstothesouthtotellofhisarrivalandasktheother
artoethintheplainofthetiberunfortunatelythe
ssengersfellintothehandsoftheronsandhannibal
edinvainforfurtheeilhisbrothershead;neatly
papandtoldhibr 》
ofthefateofthelastofthecarthaginiantroops
hhasdrubaloutoftheipio
easilyrenqueredspainandfouryearslatertherons
tackuponcarthagehannibalwas
calledbackhecrossedtheafricanseaandtriedtoorganise
thedefenecityintheyear202atthebattle
ofza;thecarthaginiansedhannibalfledto
tyrefrohereheinortostirupthesyrians
andtheeheacplishedvery
littlebuthisactivitiesangtheseasiaticpohe
ronsanexcusetocarrytheirotheterritoryof
theeastandannexthegreaterpartoftheaegeanworld
drivenfronecitytoanother;afugitivee;
hannibalatlastknebitiousdreaad
ehisbelovedcityofcarthagehadbeenruinedbythe
osignaterriblepeaceheavy
hadbeensunkshehadbeenforbiddentokehout
ronperssionshehadbeenndeedtopaytherons
llionsofdollarsforendlessyearstoelifeoffered
nohopeofabetterfutureintheyear190bchannibaltook
poisonandkilledhielf
fortyyearslater;theronsforcedtheirlastwarupon
carthagethreelongyearstheinhabitantsoftheoldphoenician
lonyheldoutagainstthepohene
hungerforcedtheosurrenderthefeenanden
hesiegeywas
setonfireforthestorehousesandthepal
acesandthegreatarsenalbuedthenaterriblecursewas
pronounanlegions
retuedtoitalytoenjoytheirvictory
forthenextthousandyears;thediterraneanrein
………………………………
第22节
ed
aeuropeanseabutassoonastheroneirehadbeen
destroyed;asiadeanotherattettodonatethisgreat
inlandsea;asyoud
theriseofro
hoehappened
theroneirenooneplannedit
it‘‘happenednofausgeneralorstatesnorcut
throatevergotupandsaid‘‘friends;rons;citizens;we
stfoundaneirefolloeandtogetheronquer
allthelandfrohegatesofherculestounttaurus
roproducedfausgeneralsandequallydistinguished
statesnandanaresfoughtallover
theaneirekinghout
aprenceivedplantheaverageronatter
offaentwhen
soonebegantorecite‘‘eastaneire;
ethejustntinued
totakereandrelandbe
todosohebitionorbygreedboth
bynatureandinclinationheerandedtostay
athobuttackedheodefend
hielfandyhappenedtocrosstheseatoask
foraidinadistantuntrythenthepatientronrched
nydrearylestodefeatthisdangerousfoeandhis
hadbeenainster{sic}his
heyfallintothehandsof
etheelvesanaceto
ronsafetyitsoundsratherplicatedandyettothe
nteorariesitple;asyoushallseeinant
intheyear203bcscipiohadcrossedtheafricansea
andhadcarriedtheoafricacarthagehadcalledhannibal
baercenaries;hannibal
hadbeendefeatednearzatheronshadaskedforhis
surrenderandhannibalhadfledtogetaidfrohekingsof
ylastchapter
therulersofthesetnantsoftheeire
ofalexanderthegreatjustthenplatingan
expeditionagainstegypttheyhopedtodividetherichnile
valleybetselvesthekingofegypthadheardof
thisandhehadaskedrotoetohissupportthestage
berofhighlyinterestingplotsandunter
plotsbuttherons;agination;rang
thecurtaindoheplayhadbeenfairlystarted
theirlegionspletelydefeatedtheheavygreekphalanx
ation
thathappenedintheyear197bcatthebattleinthe
plainsofcynoscephalae;or‘‘dogsheads;incentralthessaly
theronsthenrchedsouthed
thegreeksthattheyhadeto‘‘deliverthehellenes
frohecedonianyokethegreeks;havingleaed
nothingintheiryearsofseslavery;usedtheie
inastunfortunateore
begantoquarrelheachotherastheyhaddoneinthegood
olddaystherons;tleunderstandingandless
loveforthesesillybickeringsofaraceheyratherdespised;
shoforebearancebuttiringoftheseendless
dissensionstheylostpatience;invadedgreece;bueddown
rinthto‘‘enuragetheothergreeksandsentaron
goveortoathenstorulethisturbulentprovinceinthis
ebufferstatesected
roseastefrontier
anof
syria;andantiochusiii;hatvastland;hadshown
greateageessinguishedguest;generalhan
nibal;explainedtohiooinvadeitaly
andsae
luciusscipio;abrotherofscipiotheafricanfighterwho
haddefeatedhannibalandhiscarthaginiansatza;was
senttoasianorhedestroyedthearesofthesyrian
kingneargnesiaintheyear190bcshortlyafterwards;
antiochusinor
beallcityrepublif
roistressofstofthelandshborderedupon
thediterranean
theroneire
hoeaft
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