《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第40部分


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    hadfirstbeennoticedbygalileo

    anostbitterandrelentlessh

    theclericalauthoritiesofcatholicandprotestantlands;the

    anatostsandphysiologistshadatlastobtainedperssion

    todissectbodiesandtosubstituteapositiveknowledgeofour

    organsandtheirhabitsfortheguessediaeval

    quack

    hinasinglegenerationbetore

    progressadeineverybranchofsciencethaninallthe

    hundredsofthousandsofyearsthathadpassedsincenfirst

    lookedatthestarsandheyhereit

    sthavebeenaverysadageforthepeoplewhohadbeen

    eduandandtheir

    feelingofhatredforsuchnaslarckanddarwin;who

    didnotexactlytellthehatthey

    nkeys;anaccusationedto

    regardasapersonalinsult;butedthattheproud

    hunraalongseriesofancestorswho

    uldtracethefalytreebacktothelittlejellyfisheswho

    hefirstinhabitantsofourpla

    thedignifiediddleclass;h

    donatedthenieenthcentury;akeuse

    ofthegasortheeleanypracticalapplications

    ofthegreatscientificdisveries;butthereinvestigator;

    thenofthe‘‘scientifictheoryno

    progressinuedtobedistrusteduntil

    veryrecentlythen;atlast;hisservicesoday

    therichpeopleagesdonatedtheirhfor

    thebuildingofacathedral;nstructvastlab
………………………………

第101节

    oratorieswhere

    silentndobattleuponthehiddeneneesofnkindand

    oftensaayenjoy

    greaterhappinessandhealth

    indeedithasetopassthatnyoftheillsofthis

    orsregardedasinevitable‘‘actsof

    god;havebeenexposedasnifestationsofouroe

    andneglecteverychildnohathecan

    keepfroettingtyphoidfeverbyalittlecareinthechoiceof

    hisdrinkingerbutittookyearsandyearsofhard

    hedoctorsuldnvincethepeopleofthisfact

    feicrobes

    thatliveinouruthhasdeitpossibletokeepour

    teethfroecaystperchanceatoothbepulled;thenwe

    takeasniffofgas;andgoourhenewspapers

    oftheyear1846broughtthestoryofthe‘‘painless

    operationedinaricahthehelp

    ofether;thegoodpeopleofeuropeshooktheirheadsto

    thetseedagainsttheanshouldescape

    thepainortals;andittookalong

    tibeforetheprafor

    operationsbecageneral

    butthebattleofprogresshadbeenhe

    oldewasgrowinglargerandlarger;andas

    tiecruling

    doheeagercrusadersofaneialorder

    rushedforselvesfacinganew

    obstacleoutoftheruinsofalonggonepast;anothercitadel

    ofreaillionsofnhadtogive

    theirlivesbeforethislastbulroyed

    art

    achapterofart

    lyhealthyandhashadenoughtoeat

    andhassleptallitsalittletuoshowhow

    happyitistogrongansnothingit

    soundslike‘‘goozugoozugoooooo;buttothebaby

    itisperfectsicitishisfirstntributiontoart

    assoonasheorshegetsalittleolderandisabletosit

    up;theperiodofdpiekingbeginsthesedpiesdo

    notinteresttheoutsideanyllion

    babies;kingtoonylliondpiesatthesati

    buttothesllinfanttheyrepresentanotherexpeditioninto

    thepleasantrealfartthebabyisnoor

    attheageofthreeorfour;hehandsbegintoobey

    thebrain;theothergives

    hiboxoflouredchalksandeveryloosebitofpaperis

    rapidlyveredhstrangepothooksandscra

    housesandhorsesandterriblenavalbattles

    soonhoakingthings

    estoanendschoolbeginsandthegreaterpartofthe

    dayisfilleduphher

    thebusinessof‘‘kingaliving;beesthestiortant

    eventinthelifeofeveryboyandgirlthereislittletileft

    for‘‘artbetultiplicationandthe

    pastparticiplesoftheirregularfrenchverbsandunless

    thedesireforkingerepleasureof

    creatingtheoutanyhopeofapracticalretubevery

    strong;thechildgroanhoodandforgetsthatthe

    firstfiveyearsofhislifeainlydevotedtoart

    nationsarenotdifferentfrohildrenassoonasthe

    cavenhadescapedthethreateningdangersofthelongand

    shiveringiceperiod;andhadputhishouseinorder;hebegan

    tokecertainthingshoughtbeautiful;although

    theyinhisfighththewild

    anilsofthejungleheveredthetoh

    picturesoftheelephantsandthedeered;and

    outofapieceofstone;hehackedtheroughfiguresofthose

    enhethoughtstattractive

    assoonastheegyptiansandthebabyloniansandthe

    persiansandalltheotherpeopleoftheeasthadfounded

    theirlittleuntriesalongthenileandtheeuphrates;they

    begantobuildgnificentpalacesfortheirkings;invented

    brightpiecesofjeenandplantedgardens

    anybrightflowers

    ouroadsfrohedistant

    asiaticprairies;enjoyingafreeandeasyexistenceas

    fightersandhunters;posedsongsedthe

    ghtydeedsoftheirgreatleadersandinventedaforf

    poetryilourohousandyears

    later;selvesonthegreekinland;

    andhadbuilttheir‘‘citystates;theyexpressedtheir

    joyandtheirsorroagnificentteles;instatues;in

    ediesandintragedies;andineverynof

    art

    therons;liketheircarthaginianrivals;oobusy

    adnisteringotherpeopleandkingneytohavech

    lovefor‘‘uselessandunprofitableadventuresofthespirit

    theynqueredtheroadsandbridgesbutthey

    borrothegreekstheyinvented

    sofarchitecturehe

    dendsoftheirdayandagebuttheirstatuesandtheirhistories

    andtheirsaiserelatini

    tationsofgreekoriginalshoutthatvagueandhardto

    definesothinghey;therecan

    benoartandtheronrustedthatparticularsort

    ofpersonalitytheeireneededefficientsoldiersand

    tradesnthebusinessofakingpictures

    toforeigners

    thencathedarkagesthebarbarianheproverbial

    bullinthechinashopofeeuropehehadnouse

    forsoftheyear

    1921;helikedthegazineversofprettyladies;butthrew

    thererandtetchingsedintotheash

    etoleabetterthenhetriedtoundothe

    dageedafetheash

    canshepictures

    butbythisti;hiso;h

    hiroheeast;haddevelopedintosothingverybeautiful

    andhedeupforhispastneglectandindifferencebytheso

    iddleagesheeurope

    isnceedanicndandhad

    borrothegreeksandthelatinsandnothing

    atallfroheolderforofartofegyptandassyria;not

    tospeakofindiaandchina;plydidnotexist;asfar

    asthepeopleofthattionceedindeed;s
………………………………

第102节

    olittle

    hadthenortheracesbeeninfluencedbytheirsoutheneighbours

    thattheiropletely

    sunderstoodbythepeopleofitalyandreatedby

    thetigatedntet

    youhaveallheardthehicyouprobablyassociate

    iththepictureofalovelyoldcathedral;liftingitsslender

    spirestodoesthewordreally

    an

    itanssothing‘‘unuthand‘‘barbaricsothing

    ightexpectfron‘‘uncivilisedgoth;arough

    backanfortheestablishedrulesof

    classicalartandodehorrorstopleasehis

    oplesof

    theforundtheacropolis

    andyetforseveralofgothicarchitecture

    hehighestexpressionofthesincerefeelingforart

    aprevious

    berhoiddle

    ageslivedunlesstheysanddinvillages;

    theye

    foratribeandindeed;behindtheirhighheirdeep

    ats;thesegoodburghersenwhoshared

    thendangersandenjoyedthensafetyandprosperity

    theirsysteftualprotection

    intheoldgreekandroncitiestherketplace;where

    thetelestood;hadbeenthecentreofciviclifeduring

    theddleages;theesucha

    centreodeprotestantpeople;oourchurch

    onlyonceahenforafewhoursonly;hardlyknow

    ediaevalunitythen;before

    youakentothechurchtobe

    baptisedasachild;youvisitedthechurchtoleatheholy

    storiesoftheseaer

    ofthengregation;andifyou

    yourselfaseparatelittleeryofthe

    patronsaintofyouroilyasforthesacrededifice;

    itanyofthenightin

    acertainsenseitreseledadeclub;dedicatedtoallthe

    inhabitantsofthetohechurchyouverylikelycaught

    afirstgliseofthegirleyourbrideata

    greatcerenybeforethehighaltarandfinally;he

    endofthejoueyhade;youhthe

    stonesofthisfaliarbuilding;thatallyourchildrenandtheir

    grandchildrenghtpassoveryourgraveuntilthedayof

    judgent

    becausethechurchonlythehouseofgodbut

    alsothetrueonlife;thebuildinghadtobe

    differentfronythingthathadeverbeennstructedby

    thehandsofnthetelesoftheegyptiansandthe

    greeksandtheronshadbeenrelytheshrineofalocal

    divinityasnosesagesof

    osirisorzeusorjupiter;itnecessarythattheinterior

    offerspaultitudeallthereligiousprocessions

    oftheoldditerraneanpeoplestookplaceintheopenbut

    inthenorth;heherwasusuallybad;

    stfunctionsheroofofthechurch

    duringnycenturiesthearchitectsstruggledh

    thisproblefnstructingabuildingthatwaslarge

    enoughtherontraditiontaughttheoobuildheavy

    stoneallthewallslose

    theirstrengthonthetopofthistheythenplaceda

    heavystoneroofbutinthethcentury;afterthe

    beginningofthecrusades;hearchitectshadseenthe

    pointedarohaedanbuilders;theebuilders

    disveredaheirfirstchancetoke

    thesortofbuildinghosedaysofanintensereligious

    lifedendedandthentheydevelopedthisstrangestyleupon

    ptuousnaof‘‘gothirbarbaric

    theyachievedtheirpurposebyinventingavaultedroofh

    e

    tooheavy;an

    ofthreehundredpoundssittingdohildschair

    ethisdifficulty;certain

    frencharchitectsthenbegantoreenforcetheh

    ‘‘buttresseserelyheavyssesofstoneagainst

    heheysupportedtheroofand

    toassurethefurthersafetyoftherooftheysupportedtheribs

    oftheroofbysocalled‘‘flyingbuttresses;averysile

    thodofnstructionandatoncewhen

    youlookatourpicture

    thisneethodofnstructionalloheintroduction

    ofenorushethcentury;glassill

    anexpensivecuriosity;andveryfeebuildingspossessed

    glasshecastlesofthenobleswere

    houtprotectionandthisacuntsfortheetealdrafts

    andexplainshatdayworefursindoorsas

    fortunately;theartofkinglouredglass;hh

    theanediterraneanhadbeenfaliar;

    hadnotbeenentirelylostthereained

    glasskingandsoonthehegothicchurches

    toldthestoriesoftheholybookinlittlebitsofbrilliantly

    louredework

    oflead

    behold;therefore;thenewandglorioushouseofgod;

    filledultitude;‘‘livingitsreligionasnopeople

    haveeverdoneeitherbeforeorsincenothingisnsidered

    toogoodortoostlyortoohishouseofgod

    andhoofnthesculptors;hedestruction

    oftheroneirehavebeenoutofeloynt;haltingly

    retutotheiobleartportalsandpillarsandbuttresses

    andicesareallveredagesofourlord

    andtheblessedsaintstheeroidererstooaresettowork

    toketapestriesfortheheir

    highestartthattheshrineofthealtarybeplete

    adorationeventhepainterdoeshisbestpoo;

    heisgreatlyhandiediu

    andtherebyhangsastory

    theronsoftheearlychristianperiodhadveredthe

    floorsandtheplesandhousesosaics;

    picturesdeoflouredbitsofglassbutthisarthadbeen

    exceedinglydifficultitgavethepainteochancetoexpress

    allheedtosay;asallchildrenknoriedto

    kefiguresoutoflouredblocksofof

    saicpaintingthereforediedoutduringthelat
………………………………

第103节

    eddle

    agesexceptinrussia;osaicpainters

    hadfoundarefugeafterthefallofnstantinopleandntinued

    tooanttheheorthodoxchurchesuntil

    thedayofthebolsheviki;hereothebuilding

    ofchurches

    ofurse;thediaevalpainteruldxhisloursh

    theeroftheplasteruponthewallsof

    thechurchesthisthodofpaintingupon‘‘freshplaster

    ing

    anycenturiestoday;itisasrare

    astheartofpaintingniaturesinnus
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