theylistenedtothenversationsofthepeopleaking
theaironthebenunicipalparktheyguarded
thefrontiersothatnooneghtleavehoutadulyviseed
passportandtheyinspectedallpackages;thatnobooksh
dangerous‘‘frenoftheir
royalsterstheysatangthestudentsinthelecture
hallandotheprofessorteredathe
existingorderofthingstheyfollohelittleboysand
girlsontheirochurchlesttheyplayhookey
innyofthesetaskstheyedbytheclergy
thechurchhadsufferedgreatlyduringthedaysofthe
revolutionthechurchpropertyhadbeennfiscatedseveral
priestshadbeenkilledandthegenerationthathadleaedits
cathechisrooltaireandrousseauandtheotherfrench
philosophershaddancedaroundthealtarofreasonwhen
thetteeofpublicsafetyhadabolishedtheworshipof
godinoctoberoftheyear1793thepriestshadfollohe
‘‘egresintotheirlongexilenoheyretuedinthe
iesandtheysettohavengeance
eventhejesuitscabackin1814andresudtheir
forrlaboursofeducatingtheyoungtheirorderhadbeen
alittletoosuccessfulinitsfightagainsttheeneesofthe
churchithadestablished‘‘provincesineverypartofthe
oteachthenativestheblessingsofchristianity;but
soonithaddevelopedintoaregulartradingpanyh
erferinghthecivilauthoritiesduringthe
reignoftherquisdepoal;thegreatrefognister
ofportugal;theyhadbeendrivenoutoftheportugueselands
andintheyear1773attherequestofstofthecatholic
poheorderhadbeensuppressedbypope
clentxivnoheyhejob;andpreached
theprinate
dynastytochildrenshadhiredshophat
theyghtlaughatrieantoitedrivingtothescaffold
isery
butintheprotestantuntrieslikeprussia;thingswere
notabetterthegreatpatrioticleadersoftheyear1812;
thepoetsandtheershe
usurper;agoguestheir
housestersheywere
obligedtoreporttothepoliceatregularintervalsandgivean
aselvestheprussiandrillsterloose
inallhisfuryupontheyoungergenerationyof
studentsationh
noisybutharessfestivitiesontheoldburg;theprussian
bureaunentrevolutionwhen
atheologicalstudent;rehonestthanintelligent;killeda
russiangoventspyany;the
universitiesedunderpolicesupervisionandprofessors
issedoftrial
russia;ofurse;oreabsurdintheseanti
revolutionaryactivitiesalexanderhadreveredfroisattack
ofpietyheelancholiahe
itedabilitiesandunderstoodho
viennahehadbeenthevietteichandthe
krudeneranreandrehetuedhisbackuponthe
eatrulyrussianrulererestslayin
nstantinople;theoldholycitythathadbeenthefirstteacher
oftheslavstheolderhegreheharderhehe
lessheplishandinhisstudy;
hisnisterstuedtheilitary
barracks
itisnotaprettypictureperhapsighthaveshortened
thisdescriptionofthegreatreactionbutitisjustaswell
thatyoushouldhaveathoroughknohiseraitwas
notthefirsttithatanattethadbeendetosetthe
clockofhistorybacktheresultheusualone
nationalindependence
theloveofnationalindependence;
hooostrongtobe
destroyedinthishesouth
aricanshefirsttorebel
againstthereaeasures
ofthengressofvienna;greece
andbelgiundspainandalarge
nuerofotheruntriesofthe
europeanntinentfollo
andthenieenthcenturywas
filledourofny
e
itosay‘‘ifonlythengress
ofviennahaddonesuchandsuchathinginsteadoftaking
suchandsuchaurse;thehistoryofeuropeinthenieenth
centurythengressofvienna
enpassedthroughagreat
revolutionandthroughtost
ntinuousetogetherforthepurposeof
givingeuropethat‘‘peaceandstabilityheythought
thatthepeopleneededandedtheyall
reactionariestheysincerelybelievedintheinabilityofthe
ssofthepeopletoruletheelvestheyrearrangedthe
pofeuropeinsuisethegreatest
possibilityofalastingsuccesstheyfailed;butnotthrough
anypreditatedheirparttheyhe
greaterpart;noftheoldsberedthehappier
daysoftheirquietyouthandardentlyuofthat
blessedperiodtheyfailedtoregnisethestrongholdh
nyoftherevolutionaryprincipleshadgaineduponthepeople
oftheeuropeanntinentthatisfortunebut
hardlyasinbutoneofthethingshefrenchrevolution
hadtaughtnotonlyeuropebutaricaashe
rightofpeopletotheiroionality
napoleon;ednothingandnobody;terly
ruthlessinhisdealinghnationalandpatrioticaspirations
buttheearlyrevolutionarygeneralshadproclaidthenew
doctrihat‘‘nationalityatterofpolitical
frontiersorroundskullsandbroadnoses;butatterofthe
heartandsoulheyeachingthefrenchchildren
thegreatnessofthefrenchnation;theyenuragedspaniards
andhollandersanditalianstodothesathingsoon
thesepeople;hesuperior
virtuesoforiginaln;begantodigintotheirpastandfound;
buriedbeneaththeruinsofthefeudalsystethebonesofthe
ghtyracesofheysup
………………………………
第88节
posedtheelvesthefeeble
descendants
thefirsthalfofthenieenthcenturyheeraofthe
greathistoricaldisverieseveryorianswerebusy
publishingdiaevalchartersandearlydiaevalchronicles
andineveryuntrytheresultheold
fatherlandagreatdealofthissentinthe
erpretationofhistoricalfactsbutinpracticalpolitics;
itdoesnottteristrue;buteverythingdepends
uponostuntries
boththekingsandtheirsubjectsfirybelievedintheglory
andfaoftheirancestors
thengressofviennaental
theirexcellenciesdividedthepofeuropeacrdingtothe
bestinterestsofhalfadozendynastiesandput‘‘national
aspirationsupontheindex;orlistofforbiddenbooks;together
hallotherdangerous‘‘frenchdoctrines
buthistoryisnorespeereason
orotheritybeanhistoricallahusfarhas
esedtobe
neentofhunsocietyand
theattettostehistideeasunsuccessfulasthe
tteithinking
curiouslyenoughthefirsttroublebeganinaverydistant
partoftheericathespanishlonies
ofthatntinenthadbeenenjoyingaperiodofrelativeindependence
duringthenyyearsofthegreatnapoleonicwars
theyhadevenreinedfaithfultotheirkingwhenhewas
takenprisonerbythefrencheerorandtheyhadrefused
toregnisejosephbonaparte;heyear1808been
dekingofspainbyorderofhisbrother
indeed;theonlypartofariuchupset
bytherevolutionheislandofhaiti;theespagnolaof
luusfirsttriphereintheyear1791thefrenchnvention;
inasuddenoutburstofloveandhunbrotherhood;
hadbestoheirblackbrethrenalltheprivilege**herto
enjoyedbytheirastersjustassuddenlytheyhad
repentedofthisstep;buttheattettoundotheoriginal
proseledtonyyearsofterribleweengeneral
leclerc;thebrotherinlalouverture;
thenegrochieftainintheyear1801;toussaintwas
askedtovisitleclercanddiscussterofpeacehereceived
thesoleprosethatheolestedhetrusted
hiseadversaries;onboardashipandshortly
afterthenegroesgained
theirindependenceallthesaandfoundedarepublic
incidentallytheyhelptothefirstgreatsouth
aricanpatriotinhiseffortstodeliverhisnativeuntry
frohespanishyoke
sinbolivar;anativeofcaracasinvenezuela;boin
theyear1783;hadbeeneducatedinspain;hadvisitedparis
entatwork;had
livedforaheunitedstatesandhadretuedtohis
nativelandheentagainstspain;
thetheruntry;
intheyear1811;venezueladeclareditsindependenceand
bolivarbecaoneoftherevolutionarygeneralshin
tonths;therebelsedandbolivarfled
forthenextfiveyearsheheleaderofanapparently
lostcausehesacrificedallhishandhehave
beenabletobeginhisfinalandsuccessfulexpeditionhout
thesupportofthepresidentofhaitithereaftertherevolt
spreadalloversoutharicaandsoonitappearedthatspain
abletosuppresstherebellionunaidedsheaskedfor
thesupportoftheholyalliance
thisstepgreatlyishshippers
hadsucceededthedutchasthencarriersoftheworld
andtheyexpeadeclarationof
independenericatheyhad
hopesthattheunitedstatesoaricaerferebut
thesenatehadnosuchplansandinthehouse;too;therewere
nyvoiceshatspainoughttobegivena
freehand
justthen;thereinistersinengland
theanning
becasecretaryofstatehedroppedahintthatengland
erienthallthe
ghtofherfleet;ifsaidgovents
disapprovaloftheplansoftheholyallianceinregardtothe
rebelliousloniesofthesouthentinentpresidentnroe
thereupon;onthe2ndofdeceeroftheyear1823;addressed
ngressandstatedthat:‘‘aricaonsider
anyattetonthepartofthealliedpooextendtheir
systeoanyportionofthisisphereasdangerous
toourpeaceandsafety;andgaveerican
goventiononthepartofthe
holyallianceasanifestationofanunfriendlydisposition
toheunitedstatesfourer;thetextofthe
‘‘nroedoctrineedintheenglishnewspapersand
theersoftheholyallianceaketheir
choice
tteichhesitatedpersonallyhewouldhavebeenwilling
toriskthedispleasureoftheunitedstateshhad
alloyandnavytofallintoneglectsincetheend
oftheangloaricanheyear1812butcannings
threateningattitudeandtroubleonthentinentforcedhibr 》
tobecarefultheexpeditionnevertookplaceandsouth
aricaandxigainedtheirindependence
asforthetroublesonthentinentofeurope;theywere
ingfastandfurioustheholyalliancehadsentfrench
troopstospaintoactasguardiansofthepeaceintheyear
1820austriantroopshadbeenusedforasilarpurposein
italyhe‘‘carbonarithesecretsocietyofthecharal
buersakingpropagandaforauniteditalyandhad
causedarebellionagainsttheunspeakableferdinandof
naples
badneefroussiahedeathofalexander
hadbeenthesignforarevolutionaryoutbreakinst
petersburg;ashortbutbloodyupheaval;thesocalleddekaberist
revoltbeber;hended
berofgoodpatriotswhohad
beendisgustedbythereactionofalexanderslastyearsand
hadtriedtogiverussiaanstitutionalforfgovent
butetteichhadtriedtoassure
hielfofthentinuedsupportoftheeuropeanurtsbya
seriesofnferencesataixlachapelleattroppauat
laibachand
………………………………
第89节
finallyatveronathedelegatesfrohe
differentporavelledtotheseagreeableering
placesenisterusedtospend
hissuerstheyalisedtodotheirbest
tosuppressrevoltbuttheyoocertainoftheir
successthespiritofthepeopleobeuglyand
especiallyinfrancethepositionofthekingeans
satisfactory
therealtroublehohebalkans;thegateway
toeeuropethroughheinvadersofthat
ntinenthadpassedsinethefirst
outbreakanprovinceof
daciatheeireinthethird
centurysincethen;ithadbeenalostland;asortofatlantis;
antongue
andstillania
hereintheyear1821;ayounggreek;princealexander
ypsilanti;beganarevoltagainsttheturkshetoldhisfollowers
thattheyulduntuponthesupportofrussiabut
tteichsfasturiersheirostpetersburg
andthetsar;entirelypersuadedbytheaustrianargunts
infavorof‘‘peaceandstability;refusedtohelpypsilanti
ofleetoaustriathenextseven
yearsinprison
inthesayear;1821;troublebeganingreecesince
1815asecretsocietyofgreekpatriotshadbeenpreparing
thesuddenlytheyhoistedtheflagof
independenceinthereatheancientpelop
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