《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第34部分


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    theylistenedtothenversationsofthepeopleaking

    theaironthebenunicipalparktheyguarded

    thefrontiersothatnooneghtleavehoutadulyviseed

    passportandtheyinspectedallpackages;thatnobooksh

    dangerous‘‘frenoftheir

    royalsterstheysatangthestudentsinthelecture

    hallandotheprofessorteredathe

    existingorderofthingstheyfollohelittleboysand

    girlsontheirochurchlesttheyplayhookey

    innyofthesetaskstheyedbytheclergy

    thechurchhadsufferedgreatlyduringthedaysofthe

    revolutionthechurchpropertyhadbeennfiscatedseveral

    priestshadbeenkilledandthegenerationthathadleaedits

    cathechisrooltaireandrousseauandtheotherfrench

    philosophershaddancedaroundthealtarofreasonwhen

    thetteeofpublicsafetyhadabolishedtheworshipof

    godinoctoberoftheyear1793thepriestshadfollohe

    ‘‘egresintotheirlongexilenoheyretuedinthe

    iesandtheysettohavengeance

    eventhejesuitscabackin1814andresudtheir

    forrlaboursofeducatingtheyoungtheirorderhadbeen

    alittletoosuccessfulinitsfightagainsttheeneesofthe

    churchithadestablished‘‘provincesineverypartofthe

    oteachthenativestheblessingsofchristianity;but

    soonithaddevelopedintoaregulartradingpanyh

    erferinghthecivilauthoritiesduringthe

    reignoftherquisdepoal;thegreatrefognister

    ofportugal;theyhadbeendrivenoutoftheportugueselands

    andintheyear1773attherequestofstofthecatholic

    poheorderhadbeensuppressedbypope

    clentxivnoheyhejob;andpreached

    theprinate

    dynastytochildrenshadhiredshophat

    theyghtlaughatrieantoitedrivingtothescaffold

    isery

    butintheprotestantuntrieslikeprussia;thingswere

    notabetterthegreatpatrioticleadersoftheyear1812;

    thepoetsandtheershe

    usurper;agoguestheir

    housestersheywere

    obligedtoreporttothepoliceatregularintervalsandgivean

    aselvestheprussiandrillsterloose

    inallhisfuryupontheyoungergenerationyof

    studentsationh

    noisybutharessfestivitiesontheoldburg;theprussian

    bureaunentrevolutionwhen

    atheologicalstudent;rehonestthanintelligent;killeda

    russiangoventspyany;the

    universitiesedunderpolicesupervisionandprofessors

    issedoftrial

    russia;ofurse;oreabsurdintheseanti

    revolutionaryactivitiesalexanderhadreveredfroisattack

    ofpietyheelancholiahe

    itedabilitiesandunderstoodho

    viennahehadbeenthevietteichandthe

    krudeneranreandrehetuedhisbackuponthe

    eatrulyrussianrulererestslayin

    nstantinople;theoldholycitythathadbeenthefirstteacher

    oftheslavstheolderhegreheharderhehe

    lessheplishandinhisstudy;

    hisnisterstuedtheilitary

    barracks

    itisnotaprettypictureperhapsighthaveshortened

    thisdescriptionofthegreatreactionbutitisjustaswell

    thatyoushouldhaveathoroughknohiseraitwas

    notthefirsttithatanattethadbeendetosetthe

    clockofhistorybacktheresultheusualone

    nationalindependence

    theloveofnationalindependence;

    hooostrongtobe

    destroyedinthishesouth

    aricanshefirsttorebel

    againstthereaeasures

    ofthengressofvienna;greece

    andbelgiundspainandalarge

    nuerofotheruntriesofthe

    europeanntinentfollo

    andthenieenthcenturywas

    filledourofny

    e

    itosay‘‘ifonlythengress

    ofviennahaddonesuchandsuchathinginsteadoftaking

    suchandsuchaurse;thehistoryofeuropeinthenieenth

    centurythengressofvienna

    enpassedthroughagreat

    revolutionandthroughtost

    ntinuousetogetherforthepurposeof

    givingeuropethat‘‘peaceandstabilityheythought

    thatthepeopleneededandedtheyall

    reactionariestheysincerelybelievedintheinabilityofthe

    ssofthepeopletoruletheelvestheyrearrangedthe

    pofeuropeinsuisethegreatest

    possibilityofalastingsuccesstheyfailed;butnotthrough

    anypreditatedheirparttheyhe

    greaterpart;noftheoldsberedthehappier

    daysoftheirquietyouthandardentlyuofthat

    blessedperiodtheyfailedtoregnisethestrongholdh

    nyoftherevolutionaryprincipleshadgaineduponthepeople

    oftheeuropeanntinentthatisfortunebut

    hardlyasinbutoneofthethingshefrenchrevolution

    hadtaughtnotonlyeuropebutaricaashe

    rightofpeopletotheiroionality

    napoleon;ednothingandnobody;terly

    ruthlessinhisdealinghnationalandpatrioticaspirations

    buttheearlyrevolutionarygeneralshadproclaidthenew

    doctrihat‘‘nationalityatterofpolitical

    frontiersorroundskullsandbroadnoses;butatterofthe

    heartandsoulheyeachingthefrenchchildren

    thegreatnessofthefrenchnation;theyenuragedspaniards

    andhollandersanditalianstodothesathingsoon

    thesepeople;hesuperior

    virtuesoforiginaln;begantodigintotheirpastandfound;

    buriedbeneaththeruinsofthefeudalsystethebonesofthe

    ghtyracesofheysup
………………………………

第88节

    posedtheelvesthefeeble

    descendants

    thefirsthalfofthenieenthcenturyheeraofthe

    greathistoricaldisverieseveryorianswerebusy

    publishingdiaevalchartersandearlydiaevalchronicles

    andineveryuntrytheresultheold

    fatherlandagreatdealofthissentinthe

    erpretationofhistoricalfactsbutinpracticalpolitics;

    itdoesnottteristrue;buteverythingdepends

    uponostuntries

    boththekingsandtheirsubjectsfirybelievedintheglory

    andfaoftheirancestors

    thengressofviennaental

    theirexcellenciesdividedthepofeuropeacrdingtothe

    bestinterestsofhalfadozendynastiesandput‘‘national

    aspirationsupontheindex;orlistofforbiddenbooks;together

    hallotherdangerous‘‘frenchdoctrines

    buthistoryisnorespeereason

    orotheritybeanhistoricallahusfarhas

    esedtobe

    neentofhunsocietyand

    theattettostehistideeasunsuccessfulasthe

    tteithinking

    curiouslyenoughthefirsttroublebeganinaverydistant

    partoftheericathespanishlonies

    ofthatntinenthadbeenenjoyingaperiodofrelativeindependence

    duringthenyyearsofthegreatnapoleonicwars

    theyhadevenreinedfaithfultotheirkingwhenhewas

    takenprisonerbythefrencheerorandtheyhadrefused

    toregnisejosephbonaparte;heyear1808been

    dekingofspainbyorderofhisbrother

    indeed;theonlypartofariuchupset

    bytherevolutionheislandofhaiti;theespagnolaof

    luusfirsttriphereintheyear1791thefrenchnvention;

    inasuddenoutburstofloveandhunbrotherhood;

    hadbestoheirblackbrethrenalltheprivilege**herto

    enjoyedbytheirastersjustassuddenlytheyhad

    repentedofthisstep;buttheattettoundotheoriginal

    proseledtonyyearsofterribleweengeneral

    leclerc;thebrotherinlalouverture;

    thenegrochieftainintheyear1801;toussaintwas

    askedtovisitleclercanddiscussterofpeacehereceived

    thesoleprosethatheolestedhetrusted

    hiseadversaries;onboardashipandshortly

    afterthenegroesgained

    theirindependenceallthesaandfoundedarepublic

    incidentallytheyhelptothefirstgreatsouth

    aricanpatriotinhiseffortstodeliverhisnativeuntry

    frohespanishyoke

    sinbolivar;anativeofcaracasinvenezuela;boin

    theyear1783;hadbeeneducatedinspain;hadvisitedparis

    entatwork;had

    livedforaheunitedstatesandhadretuedtohis

    nativelandheentagainstspain;

    thetheruntry;

    intheyear1811;venezueladeclareditsindependenceand

    bolivarbecaoneoftherevolutionarygeneralshin

    tonths;therebelsedandbolivarfled

    forthenextfiveyearsheheleaderofanapparently

    lostcausehesacrificedallhishandhehave

    beenabletobeginhisfinalandsuccessfulexpeditionhout

    thesupportofthepresidentofhaitithereaftertherevolt

    spreadalloversoutharicaandsoonitappearedthatspain

    abletosuppresstherebellionunaidedsheaskedfor

    thesupportoftheholyalliance

    thisstepgreatlyishshippers

    hadsucceededthedutchasthencarriersoftheworld

    andtheyexpeadeclarationof

    independenericatheyhad

    hopesthattheunitedstatesoaricaerferebut

    thesenatehadnosuchplansandinthehouse;too;therewere

    nyvoiceshatspainoughttobegivena

    freehand

    justthen;thereinistersinengland

    theanning

    becasecretaryofstatehedroppedahintthatengland

    erienthallthe

    ghtofherfleet;ifsaidgovents

    disapprovaloftheplansoftheholyallianceinregardtothe

    rebelliousloniesofthesouthentinentpresidentnroe

    thereupon;onthe2ndofdeceeroftheyear1823;addressed

    ngressandstatedthat:‘‘aricaonsider

    anyattetonthepartofthealliedpooextendtheir

    systeoanyportionofthisisphereasdangerous

    toourpeaceandsafety;andgaveerican

    goventiononthepartofthe

    holyallianceasanifestationofanunfriendlydisposition

    toheunitedstatesfourer;thetextofthe

    ‘‘nroedoctrineedintheenglishnewspapersand

    theersoftheholyallianceaketheir

    choice

    tteichhesitatedpersonallyhewouldhavebeenwilling

    toriskthedispleasureoftheunitedstateshhad

    alloyandnavytofallintoneglectsincetheend

    oftheangloaricanheyear1812butcannings

    threateningattitudeandtroubleonthentinentforcedhibr 》

    tobecarefultheexpeditionnevertookplaceandsouth

    aricaandxigainedtheirindependence

    asforthetroublesonthentinentofeurope;theywere

    ingfastandfurioustheholyalliancehadsentfrench

    troopstospaintoactasguardiansofthepeaceintheyear

    1820austriantroopshadbeenusedforasilarpurposein

    italyhe‘‘carbonarithesecretsocietyofthecharal

    buersakingpropagandaforauniteditalyandhad

    causedarebellionagainsttheunspeakableferdinandof

    naples

    badneefroussiahedeathofalexander

    hadbeenthesignforarevolutionaryoutbreakinst

    petersburg;ashortbutbloodyupheaval;thesocalleddekaberist

    revoltbeber;hended

    berofgoodpatriotswhohad

    beendisgustedbythereactionofalexanderslastyearsand

    hadtriedtogiverussiaanstitutionalforfgovent

    butetteichhadtriedtoassure

    hielfofthentinuedsupportoftheeuropeanurtsbya

    seriesofnferencesataixlachapelleattroppauat

    laibachand
………………………………

第89节

    finallyatveronathedelegatesfrohe

    differentporavelledtotheseagreeableering

    placesenisterusedtospend

    hissuerstheyalisedtodotheirbest

    tosuppressrevoltbuttheyoocertainoftheir

    successthespiritofthepeopleobeuglyand

    especiallyinfrancethepositionofthekingeans

    satisfactory

    therealtroublehohebalkans;thegateway

    toeeuropethroughheinvadersofthat

    ntinenthadpassedsinethefirst

    outbreakanprovinceof

    daciatheeireinthethird

    centurysincethen;ithadbeenalostland;asortofatlantis;

    antongue

    andstillania

    hereintheyear1821;ayounggreek;princealexander

    ypsilanti;beganarevoltagainsttheturkshetoldhisfollowers

    thattheyulduntuponthesupportofrussiabut

    tteichsfasturiersheirostpetersburg

    andthetsar;entirelypersuadedbytheaustrianargunts

    infavorof‘‘peaceandstability;refusedtohelpypsilanti

    ofleetoaustriathenextseven

    yearsinprison

    inthesayear;1821;troublebeganingreecesince

    1815asecretsocietyofgreekpatriotshadbeenpreparing

    thesuddenlytheyhoistedtheflagof

    independenceinthereatheancientpelop
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