《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第35部分


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    thesuddenlytheyhoistedtheflagof

    independenceinthereatheancientpeloponnesusanddrove

    theturkishgarrisonsaheusual

    fashiontheytookthegreekpatriarchofnstantinople;

    heirpopebothbythegreeksandby

    nyrussians;andtheyhangedhineastersundayofthe

    year1821;togetherberofhisbishopsthegreeks

    ohaedansin

    tripolitsa;theoreaandtheturksretaliated

    byanattackupontheislandofchios;urdered

    25;000christiansandsold45;000othersasslavesintoasiaand

    egypt

    thenthegreeksappealedtotheeuropeanurts;but

    tteiinsonyhattheyuld‘‘stew

    intheironottryingtokeapun;buti

    auotinghisserenehighnessedthetsarthat

    this‘‘fireofrevoltoughttobuitselfoutbeyondthepale

    ofcivilisationandthefrontiersothosevolunteers

    ogototherescueofthepatriotichellenes

    theircauseseedlostattherequestofturkey;anegyptian

    aroreaandsoontheturkishflag

    theacropolis;theancientstrongholdof

    athenstheegyptianarthenpacifiedtheuntry‘‘ala

    turque;andtteichfolloheproceedingshquiet

    interest;aptagainstthepeace

    ofeuropeshouldbeathingofthepast

    oncereithisplansthe

    greatestgloryofenglanddoesnotlieinhervastlonial

    possessions;inher

    andindependenan

    obeysthelahatrespectfortherightsof

    othersrksthedifferencebetivilised

    societybuthedoesnotregnizetherightofotherstointerfere

    ofthoughtifhisuntrydoessothing

    obesupandsaysso

    andthegoventandwill

    givehiullproteoboday;asin

    thetiofsocrates;oftenlovestodestroythosewhosurpass

    itinurageorintelligencethereneverhasbeenagood

    cause;hoant;

    untedanuerofenglishnangitsstaunchestadherents

    thessoftheenglishpeoplearenotdifferentfrobr 》

    thoseinotherlandstheysticktothebusinessathandand

    havenotiforunpractical‘‘sportingventuresbutthey

    ratheradretheireccentrieighbourhing

    togoandfightforsoobscurepeopleinasiaorafricaand

    afinepublicfuneraland

    holdhiptotheirchildrenasanexaleofvalorandchivalry

    eventhepolicespiesoftheholyalliancewerepowerless

    againstthisnationalcharacteristicintheyear1824;lord

    byron;ariahepoetryover

    ;hoistedthesailsofhisyachtandstarted

    southtohelpthegreeksthreenthslaterthenewsspread

    througheuropethattheirherolaydeadinssolonghi;

    thelastofthegreekstrongholdshislonelydeath

    caughttheiginationofthepeopleinalluntries;societies

    edtohelpthegreekslafayette;thegrandold

    nofthearicanrevolution;pleadedtheircauseinfrance

    thekingofbavariasenthundredsofhisofficersneyand

    suppliespouredinuponthestarvingnofssolonghi

    inengland;georgecanning;edtheplans

    oftheholyallianerica;enis

    terhesaatetteichforasend

    titheenglishandrussianfleetshe

    diterraneantheyentshdared

    nolongersuppressthepopularenthusiasorthecauseofthe

    greekpatriotsthefrenchnavyappearedbecausefrance;

    sinedtheroleofthe

    defenderofthedanlandsonoctober

    20oftheyear1827;theshipsofthethreenationsattacked

    theturkishfleetinthebayofnavarinoanddestroyedit

    rarelyhasthelebeenreceivedhsuchgeneral

    rejoicingthepeopleofeeuropeandrussiawho

    enjoyednofreedothonsoledtheelvesbyfighting

    aniginaryyonbehalfoftheoppressedgreeks

    intheyear1829theyhadtheirreean

    independentnationandthepolicyofreactionandstability

    suffereditssendgreatdefeat

    ite;to

    giveyouadetailedacuntofthestrugglefoational

    independenberof

    excellentbooksdevotedtosuchsubjectsihavedescribedthe

    strugglefortheindependenceofgreecebecauseithefirst

    successfulattackuponthebulionhengress

    ofviennahadereaintainthestabilityofeurope

    thatghtyfortressofsuppressionstillheldoutand

    tteiandbuttheendwas

    near

    infranost
………………………………

第90节

    unbearable

    ruleofpoliceofficialsryingtoundothework

    ofthefrenchrevolution;hanabsolutedisregardofthe

    regulationsandlaivilisedwarfarewhenlouis

    xviiidiedintheyear1824;thepeoplehadenjoyednine

    yearsof‘‘peaceoreunhappythan

    thetenyearsofpirelouisceededby

    hisbrother;charlesx

    louishadbelongedtothatfausbourbonfalyh;

    althoughitneverleaedanything;neverforgotanything

    therelleoinginthetowhen

    neofthedecapitationofhisbrother;

    reinedanstantighthappentothose

    kingsesarightcharles;

    ontheotherhand;anagedtorunupprivatedebtsof

    fiftyllionfrancsbeforeheyyearsofage;knew

    nothing;reerednothingandfiryintendedtolea

    nothingassoonashehadsucceededhisbrother;heestablished

    agovent‘‘bypriests;throughpriestsandfor

    priests;andadethisrerk;

    cannotbecalledaviolentliberal;charlesruledinsuch

    ahathedisgustedeventhattrustedfriendoflawand

    orderriedtosuppressthenehdared

    toent;anddisssedtheparliantbecause

    itsupportedthepress;hisdaysbered

    onthenightofthe27thofjulyoftheyear1830;arevolution

    tookplaenth;the

    kingfledtotheastandsetsailforenglandinthisway

    the‘‘fausfaretoanendandthe

    bourbonsovedfrohethroneoffrance

    theypetentfrancethenght

    haveretuedtoarepubliofgovent;butsuch

    astepetteich

    thesituationhesparkofrebellion

    hadleapedbeyondthefrenchfrontierandhadsetfireto

    anotherpohnationalgrievancesthenew

    kingdoftheherlandshadnotbeenasuccessthebelgian

    andthedutonandtheir

    king;oforangethedescendantofanuncleof

    thesilent;an;

    uchlackingintactandpliabilitytokeepthepeace

    anghisunngenialsubjectsbesides;thehordeofpriests

    oncefounditsway

    intobelgiundtriedtodowas

    hopt

    uponthe‘‘freedofthecatholicchurchonthe25th

    ofaugusttherebreakagainstthedutch

    authoritiesinbrusselstonthslater;thebelgians

    declaredtheelvesindependentandelectedleopoldofburg;

    theuncleofqueenvictoriaofengland;tothethrone

    thatsolutionofthedifficultythetwo

    untries;tohavebeenunited;partedtheir

    onyandbehaved

    likedecentneighbours

    nehosedayshererailroads;

    travelledslohesuccessofthefrench

    andthebelgianrevolutionistsbecaknohere

    diateclashbethepolesandtheirrussian

    rulersoayearofterribleha

    pletevictoryfortherussiansablishedorderalong

    thebanksofthevistulainthewellknownrussianfashion

    nicholasthefirst;heralexanderin

    1825;firybelievedinthedivinerightofhisoily;

    andthethousandsofpolishrefugeeser

    ineeuropeborenesstothefactthattheprinciples

    oftheholyallianceorethanahollowphrasein

    holyrussia

    initalytoothereontofunrestrielouise

    duaandereeroapoleon;

    shehaddesertedafterthedefeatoferloo;was

    drivenaheruntry;andinthepapalstatethe

    exasperatedpeopletriedtoestablishanindependentrepublic

    butthearesofaustriareandsoonevery

    thingetteichntinuedtoresideattheball

    platz;thehooftheforeignnisterofthehabsburg

    dynasty;thepolicespiesretuedtotheirjob;andpeace

    reignedsupreeighteenreyearsopassbeforea

    sendandresuccessfulattetuldbedetodeliver

    europefroheterribleinheritanceoftheviennangress

    againitherevolutionaryherckof

    europe;hesignalofrevoltcharlesxhadbeen

    suousdukeof

    orleansuedjabin;hadvotedforthedeathofhis

    usintheking;andhadplayedaroleduringtheearlydays

    oftherevolutionunderthenaof‘‘philippeegaliteor

    ‘‘equalityphilipeventuallyhehadbeenkilledwhen

    robespierretriedtopurgethenationofall‘‘traitors;by

    eheindicatedthosepeoplesharehisown

    viethe

    revolutionaryaryounglouisphilippethereuponhad

    aughtschoolinszerland

    andhadspentaupleofyearsexploringtheunknown‘‘far

    ericaafterthefallofnapoleonhehadretued

    toparisheuchreintelligentthanhisbourbon

    usinsheplenaboutinthepublic

    parksbrellaunderhisarfollowedbya

    broodofchildrenlikeanygoodhousefatherbutfrancehad

    outgrohekingbusinessandlouisdidnotknohisuntil

    theingofthe24thoffebruary;oftheyear1848;when

    aajestyawayand

    proclaidtherepublic

    heneetteich

    expressedthecasualopinionthatthisition

    oftheyear1793andthatthealliesorebeobliged

    torakeanendtothisveryunseey

    decraticroterhisoriancapital

    thebthrough

    thebaperorferdinandwas

    forost

    oftherevolutionaryprinciplesenisterhad

    triedtosuppressforthelastthirtythreeyears

    thistialleuropefelttheshockhungarydeclareditself

    independent;andncedathehabsburgs

    undertheleadershipoflouiskossuththeunequal

    strugglelastedrethanayearitwasfinallysuppressedby
………………………………

第91节

    thearesoftsaicholasarchedacrossthecarpathian

    untainsanddehungaryonceresafeforautocracy

    thehabsburgsthereuponestablishedextraordinary

    urtrtialsandhangedthegreaterpartofthehungarian

    patriotstheyhadnotbeenabletodefeatinopenbattle

    asforitaly;theislandofsicilydeclareditselfindependent

    froaplesanddroveitsbourbonkingahepapal

    statestheprinister;rossi;urderedandthepope

    ofleeheretuedthenextyearattheheadofa

    frencharainedinrotoprotecthisholiness

    againsthissubjectsuntiltheyear1870thenitwas

    calledbacktodefendfranceagainsttheprussians;and

    robeilanand

    veniasterstheyed

    bykingalbertofsardinia;butastrongaustrianar

    underoldradetzkyrchedintothevalleyofthepo;defeated

    thesardiniansnearcustozzaandnovaraandforced

    alberttoabdianuel;who

    afeerobethefirstkingofauniteditaly

    ingeytheunrestoftheyear1848tooktheforfa

    greatnationaldenstrationinfavourofpoliticalunityanda

    representativeforfgoventinbavaria;thekingwho

    hadeandneyuponanirishladywhoposedas

    aspanishdancersheontezandliesburied

    inersfieldheenraged

    studentsoftheuniversityinprussia;thekingwas

    forcedtostandhunveredheadbeforetheffinsofthose

    isea

    nstitutionalforfgoventandinrchoftheyear

    1849;ageparliant;nsistingof550delegatesfrobr 》

    allpartsoftheuntrycatogetherinfrankfortandproposed

    thatkingfrederickofprussiashouldbethe

    eerorofaunitedgey

    then;hopetentferdinand

    hadabdicatedinfavourofhisnepheisjoseph

    theyhadreinedfaithfultotheir

    anyofhe

    habsburgs;afterthenatureofthatstrangelycatlikefaly;

    oncerelandedupontheirfeetandrapidlystrengthened

    theirpositionasthestersofeasteandeeurope

    theyplayedthegaofpoliticsveryadroitlyandusedthe

    jealousiesoftheothergestatestopreventtheelevation

    oftheprussiankingtotheierialdignitytheirlongtrain

    ingintheartofsufferingdefeathadtaughtthehevalueof

    patiencetheyknee

    andheliberals;utterlyuntrainedinpracticalpolitics;

    talkedandtalkedandtalkedandgotintoxicatedbytheirown

    finespeeissed

    theparliantoffrankfortandreestablishedtheold

    andiossiblegenfederationhengressof

    viennahadingworld

    butangthenent

    ofunpracticalenthusiasts;therery

    squirebythenaofbisrck;adegooduseofhis

    eyesandearshehadadeepntetfororatoryheknew

    anofactionhasalhatnothing

    iseveracplishedbytalkinhisoere

    patriothehadbeentrainedintheoldsacy

    andheuldoutliehisopponentsjustasheuldo
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