editionsandassuredtheerthousandsofreadersforhis
fausdiscussionofthe‘‘spiritofthelahe
noblebaronparedtheexcellentenglishsystethe
backoffranceandadvocatedinsteadofanabsolute
narchytheestablishntofastateinheexecutive;
thelegislativeandthejudicialpowersshouldbein
separatehandsandshouldlyofeachother
on;theparisianbookseller;announcedthat
ssieursdiderot;daleert;turgotandasreofother
distinguishedersopublishanencyclopaedia
ontain‘‘alltheneheneience
andthehesideofthe
publistsatisfactory;andertytwoyears
thelastoftheteshadbeenfinished;the
sobelatedinterferenceofthepoliceuldnotrepress
theenthusiasst
iortantbutverydangerousntributiontothediscussions
oftheday
here;letgiveyoualittlewaingwhenyoureada
novelaboutthefrenovie;
youpressionthattherevolutionhe
theparissluithing
ofthekindthebappearsoftenuponthe‘‘evolutionary
stage;butinvariablyattheinstigationandunderthe
leadershipofthoseddleenhe
hungryltitudeasanefficientallyintheirwarfareupon
thekingandhisurtbutthefundantalideash
causedtherev
………………………………
第76节
olutioninds;
andtheyingdras
ofthe‘‘aniablediversion
fortheenofhisjestysurt
thesepleasantbutcarelesspeopleplayedhthedangerous
fireuntilthesparksfellthrough
thecracksofthefloor;tenjust
liketherestofthebuildingthosesparksunfortunately
landedinthebasent
nfusionthentheretheownerof
thehouseanagent
ofhisproperty;didnotknoallblaze
outtheflaspreadrapidlyandtheentireedificeed
bythenflagration;hegreatfrenchrevolution
forthesakeofnvenience;hefrench
revolutionintot1789to1791therewasa
reorlessorderlyattettointroduceanstitutional
narchythisfailed;partlythroughlackofgoodfaithand
stupidityonthepartofthenarchhielf;partlythrough
circutancesoverrol
fro71799thereeffort
toestablishadeofgoventbuttheactual
outbreakofviolencehadbeenprecededbynyyearsof
unrestandnysin
illionfrancsandthe
treasuryptyandthereasinglething
uponaxesuldbelevied;evengoodkinglouis
ithandagreathunterbutavery
poorstatesnfeltvaguelythatsothingoughttobedone
thereforeheinisteroffinance
annerobertjaaninthe
earlysixties;asplendidrepresentativeofthefastdisappearing
classoflandedgentry;hadbeenasuccessfulgoveorofa
provinistofgreatability
hedidhisbestunfortunately;heuldnotperforbr 》
raclesasitoretaxesoutof
theraggedpeasants;itogetthenecessaryfunds
frohenobilityandclergye
thisdeturgotthebesthatednattheurtofversailles
furtherreheityofrie
antoite;thequeen;everybodywhodared
tontiontheyhinherhearingsoon
turgoticalvisionaryanda‘‘theoretical
professorandthenofursehispositionbecauntenable
intheyear1776heoresign
afterthe‘‘professortherecaanofpracticalbusiness
senseheeof
neckeradehielfrichasagrainspeculatorand
thepartnerinaninteationalbankinghousehisaitious
intothegoventservicethatshe
ghtestablishapositionforherdaughtererwardsas
theinisterinparis;barondestael;
becaafausliteraryfigureoftheearlynieenthcentury
neckersettohafinedisplayofzealjustasturgot
haddonein1781hepublishedacarefulreviehefrench
financesthekingunderstoodnothingofthis‘‘pte
renduhehadjustsenttroopstoaricatohelpthelonists
againsttheienees;theenglishthisexpedition
provedtobeunexpectedlyexpensiveandneckerwas
askedtofindthenecessaryfundseadofproducing
revenue;hepublishedrefiguresanddestatistics
andbegantousethedrearyies
hisdaysberedintheyear1781hewas
disssedasaninpetentservant
aftertheprofessorandthepracticalbusinessnca
thedelightfultypeoffinanciereeeverybody
100peroneyifonlytheywill
trusthiso
heial;
adehiscareerbothbyhisindustryandhis
pletelackofhonestyandscrupleshefoundtheuntry
heavilyindebted;buthean;ooblige
everybody;andheinventedaquickredyhepaidthe
olddebtsbyntractingneethodisnotnew
theresultsincetiierialhasbeendisastrousin
lessthanthreeyearsrethan800;000;000francshadbeen
addedtothefrenchdebtbythischagnisteroffinance
ilinglysignedhisnatoevery
dendthatadebyhisjestyandbyhislovely
queen;hehabitofspendingduringthedays
ofheryouthinvienna
atlasteventheparliantofparisahighurtofjustice
andnotalegislativebodyalthoughbynoanslacking
inloyaltytotheirsovereign;deustbe
donecalonneedtoborroher80;000;000francs
ithadbeenabadyearfortheiseryandhunger
intheuntrydistrictsethingsensible
thekingasalways
heseriousnessofthesituationnot
beagoodideatonsulttherepresentativesofthepeople
since1614noestatesgeneralhadbeencalledtogetherin
vieandthatthe
estatesbenvenedlouisxvihoould
takeadecision;refusedtogoasfarasthat
topaourheeeting
ofthenotablesintheyear1787thisrelyantagathering
ofthebestfaliesuldandshould
bedone;houttouchingtheirfeudalandclericalprivilege
oftaxexetionitisunreasonabletoexpectthatacertain
itpoliticalandenocsuicidefor
thebenefitofanothergroupoffelloizensthe127
notablesobstinatelyrefusedtosurrenderasingleoneoftheir
ancientrightsthecrohestreet;beingnoeedingly
hungry;dendedthatnecker;intheyhadnfidence;
bereappointedthenotablessaid‘‘nothecrowd
inthestreetbegantosshly
thingsthenotablesfledcalonneissed
aneinisteroffinance;thecardinal
loniedebrienne;edandlouis;drivenbythe
violentthreatsofhisstarvingsubjects;agreedtocalltogether
theoldestatesgeneralas‘‘soonaspracticablethisvague
proseofursesatisfiednoone
nosuchsevereosta
centurythecropshadbeeneitherdestroyedbyfloodsorhad
beenfrozentodeath
………………………………
第77节
inthefieldsalltheolivetreesofthe
provene
thingbutuldaillionstarving
peopleeverysoccurredagenerationbefore
theseybutthe
heneobearfruit
peoplebegantounderstandthatashotgunisnoeffective
redyforahungrystochandeventhesoldierse
frongthepeopleobedependedupon
itething
definitetoregainthepopulargoodagainhehesitated
hereandthereintheprovinces;littleindependentrepublics
ablishedbyfollohenehecry
of‘‘notaxationhoutrepresentationthesloganofthe
aricanrebelsaquarterofacenturybeforewasheard
angthefaithfulddleclassesfrancehreatenedh
generalanarchytoappeasethepeopleandtoincreasethe
royalpopularity;thegoventunexpectedlysuspendedthe
forrverystriofcensorshipofbooksatoncea
floodofinkdescendeduponfranceeverybody;highor
loorethan2000
pahletseniedebrienneaway
byastorfabuseneckerilycalledbacktoplacate;
asbestheuld;thenationdiatelythestock
rketnnsent;people
suspendedjudgntforalittleayof
1789theestatesgeneralbleandthenthe
oftheentirenation
ofrecreatingthekingdoffranceintoahealthyandhappy
state
thisprevailingidea;thatthebinedofthe
peopleosolvealldifficulties;proveddisastrous
itladallpersonaleffortduringnyiortantnths
insteadofkeepingthegoventinhisothis
criticalnt;neckerallohingtodrifthence
thereoniousdebateuponthe
besttheoldkingdoeveryhepower
ofthepoliceheparissuburbs;
undertheleadershipofprofessionalagitators;graduallybegan
todisvertheirstrength;andncedtoplaytherole
obetheirsallthroughtheyearsofthegreatunrest;
heyactedasthebruteforceheactual
leadersoftherevolutiontosecurethosethingshuld
notbeobtainedinalegititefashion
asasoptothepeasantsandtheddleclass;neckerde
cidedthattheyshouldbealloationin
theestatesgeneraluponthissubject;theabbesieyesthen
ouspahlet;‘‘todoesthethirdestate
auntiothenclusionthatthethird
estateanagiventotheddleountto
everything;thatithadnotauntedtoanythinginthepast;
andthatitnoounttosothingheexpressed
thesentintofthegreatjorityofthepeoplehe
bestinterestsoftheuntryatheart
finallytheelectionstookplaceunderthenditions
iginableen
and621representativesofthethirdestatepackedtheir
trunkstogotoversaillesthethirdestateo
inousreports
called‘‘cahiersinanyplaintsandgrievances
oftheistituentshadbeentendoage
forthegreatfinalactthatosavefrance
theestatesgeneralay5th;1789
thekingourtheclergyandthenobility
letitbeknohattheyogiveupasingleone
oftheirprivilegesthekingorderedthethreegroupsof
representativestoetindifferentrooanddiscusstheir
grievancesseparatelythethirdestaterefusedtoobeytheroyal
ndtheytookasoleoathtothateffectinasquash
urthastilyputinorderforthepurposeofthisillegaleting
onthe20thofjune;1789theyinsistedthatallthree
estates;nobility;eettogether
andsoinfordhisjestythekinggavein
asthe‘‘nationalassely;theestatesgeneralbegan
todisthekinggot
angrythenagainhehesitatedhesaidthathewouldnever
surrenderhisabsolutepohunting;forgot
allaboutthecaresofthestateandthe
chasehegaveinforitheroyalhabittodotheright
thingattheeinthehepeople
andgavetheothing
then;ultitude
ofpoorpeople;thekingsurrenderedandgavehissubjects
e;hohepeople
edyedheking
signedhisnatotheroyaldecreeedhisbeloved
subjectsaandbtheyhreateningtokilltheentireroyal
falyunlesstheyreceivedaplusbpluscandsoon;
throughtheanduptothescaffold
unfortunatelythekingoneletterbehind
heneverunderstoodthisevenwhenhelaidhisheadunder
theguillotine;hefeltthatheuchabusednwhohad
receivedastunentatthehandsofpeople
hehadlovedtothebestofhislitedability
historical‘‘ifs;asihaveoftenwaedyou;areneverof
anyvalueitisveryeasyforustosaythatthenarchy
ghthavebeensaved‘‘iflouishadbeenanofgreater
energyandlesskindnessofheartbutthekingalone
even‘‘ifhehadpossessedtheruthlessstrengthofnapoleon;
hiscareerduringthesedifficultdaysghthavebeeneasily
ruinedbyhisariatheresaof
austriaandhecharacteristicvirtuesand
vicesofayounggirlost
autocraticanddiaevalurtofthatage
shedeustbetakenandplanneda
unterrevolutionneckerissedandloyal
troopsoparisthepeople;heyheardof
this;stordthefortressofthebastilleprison;andonthe
fourteenthofjulyoftheyear1789;theydestroyedthis
faliarbutchhatedsyolofautocraticpower
obeapoliticalprisonand
hecitylockupforpickpocketsandsend
storynnyofthenoblestookthehintandleftthe
………………………………
第78节
untrybutthekingasusualdidnothinghehadbeen
huntingonthedayofthefallofthebastilleandhehadshot
severaldeerandfeltverychpleased
thenationalasselynotohe4thof
august;ultitudeintheirears;
theyabolishedallprivilegesthishe27th
ofaugustbythe‘‘dean;the
fausprealetothefirstfrenchnstitutionsofarso
good;buttheurthadapparentlynotyetleaeditslesson
therehatthekingwasagain
tryi
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