《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

下载本书

添加书签

人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第29部分


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!

    editionsandassuredtheerthousandsofreadersforhis

    fausdiscussionofthe‘‘spiritofthelahe

    noblebaronparedtheexcellentenglishsystethe

    backoffranceandadvocatedinsteadofanabsolute

    narchytheestablishntofastateinheexecutive;

    thelegislativeandthejudicialpowersshouldbein

    separatehandsandshouldlyofeachother

    on;theparisianbookseller;announcedthat

    ssieursdiderot;daleert;turgotandasreofother

    distinguishedersopublishanencyclopaedia

    ontain‘‘alltheneheneience

    andthehesideofthe

    publistsatisfactory;andertytwoyears

    thelastoftheteshadbeenfinished;the

    sobelatedinterferenceofthepoliceuldnotrepress

    theenthusiasst

    iortantbutverydangerousntributiontothediscussions

    oftheday

    here;letgiveyoualittlewaingwhenyoureada

    novelaboutthefrenovie;

    youpressionthattherevolutionhe

    theparissluithing

    ofthekindthebappearsoftenuponthe‘‘evolutionary

    stage;butinvariablyattheinstigationandunderthe

    leadershipofthoseddleenhe

    hungryltitudeasanefficientallyintheirwarfareupon

    thekingandhisurtbutthefundantalideash

    causedtherev
………………………………

第76节

    olutioninds;

    andtheyingdras

    ofthe‘‘aniablediversion

    fortheenofhisjestysurt

    thesepleasantbutcarelesspeopleplayedhthedangerous

    fireuntilthesparksfellthrough

    thecracksofthefloor;tenjust

    liketherestofthebuildingthosesparksunfortunately

    landedinthebasent

    nfusionthentheretheownerof

    thehouseanagent

    ofhisproperty;didnotknoallblaze

    outtheflaspreadrapidlyandtheentireedificeed

    bythenflagration;hegreatfrenchrevolution

    forthesakeofnvenience;hefrench

    revolutionintot1789to1791therewasa

    reorlessorderlyattettointroduceanstitutional

    narchythisfailed;partlythroughlackofgoodfaithand

    stupidityonthepartofthenarchhielf;partlythrough

    circutancesoverrol

    fro71799thereeffort

    toestablishadeofgoventbuttheactual

    outbreakofviolencehadbeenprecededbynyyearsof

    unrestandnysin

    illionfrancsandthe

    treasuryptyandthereasinglething

    uponaxesuldbelevied;evengoodkinglouis

    ithandagreathunterbutavery

    poorstatesnfeltvaguelythatsothingoughttobedone

    thereforeheinisteroffinance

    annerobertjaaninthe

    earlysixties;asplendidrepresentativeofthefastdisappearing

    classoflandedgentry;hadbeenasuccessfulgoveorofa

    provinistofgreatability

    hedidhisbestunfortunately;heuldnotperforbr 》

    raclesasitoretaxesoutof

    theraggedpeasants;itogetthenecessaryfunds

    frohenobilityandclergye

    thisdeturgotthebesthatednattheurtofversailles

    furtherreheityofrie

    antoite;thequeen;everybodywhodared

    tontiontheyhinherhearingsoon

    turgoticalvisionaryanda‘‘theoretical

    professorandthenofursehispositionbecauntenable

    intheyear1776heoresign

    afterthe‘‘professortherecaanofpracticalbusiness

    senseheeof

    neckeradehielfrichasagrainspeculatorand

    thepartnerinaninteationalbankinghousehisaitious

    intothegoventservicethatshe

    ghtestablishapositionforherdaughtererwardsas

    theinisterinparis;barondestael;

    becaafausliteraryfigureoftheearlynieenthcentury

    neckersettohafinedisplayofzealjustasturgot

    haddonein1781hepublishedacarefulreviehefrench

    financesthekingunderstoodnothingofthis‘‘pte

    renduhehadjustsenttroopstoaricatohelpthelonists

    againsttheienees;theenglishthisexpedition

    provedtobeunexpectedlyexpensiveandneckerwas

    askedtofindthenecessaryfundseadofproducing

    revenue;hepublishedrefiguresanddestatistics

    andbegantousethedrearyies

    hisdaysberedintheyear1781hewas

    disssedasaninpetentservant

    aftertheprofessorandthepracticalbusinessnca

    thedelightfultypeoffinanciereeeverybody

    100peroneyifonlytheywill

    trusthiso

    heial;

    adehiscareerbothbyhisindustryandhis

    pletelackofhonestyandscrupleshefoundtheuntry

    heavilyindebted;buthean;ooblige

    everybody;andheinventedaquickredyhepaidthe

    olddebtsbyntractingneethodisnotnew

    theresultsincetiierialhasbeendisastrousin

    lessthanthreeyearsrethan800;000;000francshadbeen

    addedtothefrenchdebtbythischagnisteroffinance

    ilinglysignedhisnatoevery

    dendthatadebyhisjestyandbyhislovely

    queen;hehabitofspendingduringthedays

    ofheryouthinvienna

    atlasteventheparliantofparisahighurtofjustice

    andnotalegislativebodyalthoughbynoanslacking

    inloyaltytotheirsovereign;deustbe

    donecalonneedtoborroher80;000;000francs

    ithadbeenabadyearfortheiseryandhunger

    intheuntrydistrictsethingsensible

    thekingasalways

    heseriousnessofthesituationnot

    beagoodideatonsulttherepresentativesofthepeople

    since1614noestatesgeneralhadbeencalledtogetherin

    vieandthatthe

    estatesbenvenedlouisxvihoould

    takeadecision;refusedtogoasfarasthat

    topaourheeeting

    ofthenotablesintheyear1787thisrelyantagathering

    ofthebestfaliesuldandshould

    bedone;houttouchingtheirfeudalandclericalprivilege

    oftaxexetionitisunreasonabletoexpectthatacertain

    itpoliticalandenocsuicidefor

    thebenefitofanothergroupoffelloizensthe127

    notablesobstinatelyrefusedtosurrenderasingleoneoftheir

    ancientrightsthecrohestreet;beingnoeedingly

    hungry;dendedthatnecker;intheyhadnfidence;

    bereappointedthenotablessaid‘‘nothecrowd

    inthestreetbegantosshly

    thingsthenotablesfledcalonneissed

    aneinisteroffinance;thecardinal

    loniedebrienne;edandlouis;drivenbythe

    violentthreatsofhisstarvingsubjects;agreedtocalltogether

    theoldestatesgeneralas‘‘soonaspracticablethisvague

    proseofursesatisfiednoone

    nosuchsevereosta

    centurythecropshadbeeneitherdestroyedbyfloodsorhad

    beenfrozentodeath
………………………………

第77节

    inthefieldsalltheolivetreesofthe

    provene

    thingbutuldaillionstarving

    peopleeverysoccurredagenerationbefore

    theseybutthe

    heneobearfruit

    peoplebegantounderstandthatashotgunisnoeffective

    redyforahungrystochandeventhesoldierse

    frongthepeopleobedependedupon

    itething

    definitetoregainthepopulargoodagainhehesitated

    hereandthereintheprovinces;littleindependentrepublics

    ablishedbyfollohenehecry

    of‘‘notaxationhoutrepresentationthesloganofthe

    aricanrebelsaquarterofacenturybeforewasheard

    angthefaithfulddleclassesfrancehreatenedh

    generalanarchytoappeasethepeopleandtoincreasethe

    royalpopularity;thegoventunexpectedlysuspendedthe

    forrverystriofcensorshipofbooksatoncea

    floodofinkdescendeduponfranceeverybody;highor

    loorethan2000

    pahletseniedebrienneaway

    byastorfabuseneckerilycalledbacktoplacate;

    asbestheuld;thenationdiatelythestock

    rketnnsent;people

    suspendedjudgntforalittleayof

    1789theestatesgeneralbleandthenthe

    oftheentirenation

    ofrecreatingthekingdoffranceintoahealthyandhappy

    state

    thisprevailingidea;thatthebinedofthe

    peopleosolvealldifficulties;proveddisastrous

    itladallpersonaleffortduringnyiortantnths

    insteadofkeepingthegoventinhisothis

    criticalnt;neckerallohingtodrifthence

    thereoniousdebateuponthe

    besttheoldkingdoeveryhepower

    ofthepoliceheparissuburbs;

    undertheleadershipofprofessionalagitators;graduallybegan

    todisvertheirstrength;andncedtoplaytherole

    obetheirsallthroughtheyearsofthegreatunrest;

    heyactedasthebruteforceheactual

    leadersoftherevolutiontosecurethosethingshuld

    notbeobtainedinalegititefashion

    asasoptothepeasantsandtheddleclass;neckerde

    cidedthattheyshouldbealloationin

    theestatesgeneraluponthissubject;theabbesieyesthen

    ouspahlet;‘‘todoesthethirdestate

    auntiothenclusionthatthethird

    estateanagiventotheddleountto

    everything;thatithadnotauntedtoanythinginthepast;

    andthatitnoounttosothingheexpressed

    thesentintofthegreatjorityofthepeoplehe

    bestinterestsoftheuntryatheart

    finallytheelectionstookplaceunderthenditions

    iginableen

    and621representativesofthethirdestatepackedtheir

    trunkstogotoversaillesthethirdestateo

    inousreports

    called‘‘cahiersinanyplaintsandgrievances

    oftheistituentshadbeentendoage

    forthegreatfinalactthatosavefrance

    theestatesgeneralay5th;1789

    thekingourtheclergyandthenobility

    letitbeknohattheyogiveupasingleone

    oftheirprivilegesthekingorderedthethreegroupsof

    representativestoetindifferentrooanddiscusstheir

    grievancesseparatelythethirdestaterefusedtoobeytheroyal

    ndtheytookasoleoathtothateffectinasquash

    urthastilyputinorderforthepurposeofthisillegaleting

    onthe20thofjune;1789theyinsistedthatallthree

    estates;nobility;eettogether

    andsoinfordhisjestythekinggavein

    asthe‘‘nationalassely;theestatesgeneralbegan

    todisthekinggot

    angrythenagainhehesitatedhesaidthathewouldnever

    surrenderhisabsolutepohunting;forgot

    allaboutthecaresofthestateandthe

    chasehegaveinforitheroyalhabittodotheright

    thingattheeinthehepeople

    andgavetheothing

    then;ultitude

    ofpoorpeople;thekingsurrenderedandgavehissubjects

    e;hohepeople

    edyedheking

    signedhisnatotheroyaldecreeedhisbeloved

    subjectsaandbtheyhreateningtokilltheentireroyal

    falyunlesstheyreceivedaplusbpluscandsoon;

    throughtheanduptothescaffold

    unfortunatelythekingoneletterbehind

    heneverunderstoodthisevenwhenhelaidhisheadunder

    theguillotine;hefeltthatheuchabusednwhohad

    receivedastunentatthehandsofpeople

    hehadlovedtothebestofhislitedability

    historical‘‘ifs;asihaveoftenwaedyou;areneverof

    anyvalueitisveryeasyforustosaythatthenarchy

    ghthavebeensaved‘‘iflouishadbeenanofgreater

    energyandlesskindnessofheartbutthekingalone

    even‘‘ifhehadpossessedtheruthlessstrengthofnapoleon;

    hiscareerduringthesedifficultdaysghthavebeeneasily

    ruinedbyhisariatheresaof

    austriaandhecharacteristicvirtuesand

    vicesofayounggirlost

    autocraticanddiaevalurtofthatage

    shedeustbetakenandplanneda

    unterrevolutionneckerissedandloyal

    troopsoparisthepeople;heyheardof

    this;stordthefortressofthebastilleprison;andonthe

    fourteenthofjulyoftheyear1789;theydestroyedthis

    faliarbutchhatedsyolofautocraticpower

    obeapoliticalprisonand

    hecitylockupforpickpocketsandsend

    storynnyofthenoblestookthehintandleftthe
………………………………

第78节

    untrybutthekingasusualdidnothinghehadbeen

    huntingonthedayofthefallofthebastilleandhehadshot

    severaldeerandfeltverychpleased

    thenationalasselynotohe4thof

    august;ultitudeintheirears;

    theyabolishedallprivilegesthishe27th

    ofaugustbythe‘‘dean;the

    fausprealetothefirstfrenchnstitutionsofarso

    good;buttheurthadapparentlynotyetleaeditslesson

    therehatthekingwasagain

    tryi
小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。 赞一下 添加书签加入书架