《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第21部分


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    hispietylutherretuedtouchdisappointed

    nbutofollow

    thegiganticchurchofstpeterhpopejuliushad

    successors;althoughonlyhalfbegun;

    every

    pennyofthepapaltreasuryleox;ceededjulius

    intheyear1513;hevergeofbankruptcyhereverted

    toanoldthodofraisingreadycashhebegantosell

    ‘‘indulgencesanindulgenceenth

    inretuforaoney;prosedasinneradecrease

    ofthetiospendinpurgatory

    itlyrrectthingacrdingtothecreedofthe

    lateddleagessincethechurchhadthepooforgive

    thesinsofthoserulyrepentedbeforetheydied;the

    churchalsohadtherighttoshorten;throughitsintercession

    eduringustbepunfied

    intheshadosofpurgatory

    itustbesoldfor

    neybuttheyofferedaneasyforfrevenueandbesides;

    thoseoopoortopay;receivedtheirsfoothing

    nohappenedintheyear1517thattheexclusiveterritory

    forthesaleofindulgencesinsaxonyoa

    donieofjohantetzelbrother

    johanantotellthetruthhewasa

    littletooeagerhisbusinessthodsoutragedthepious

    peopleofthelittleduchyandluther;

    fellosoangrythathedidarashthingonthe31stof

    octoberoftheyear1517;hetotheurtchurchandupon

    thedoorsthereofhepostedasheetofpaperhniyfive

    statentsortheses;attackingthesaleofindulgences

    thesestatentshadbeenteninlatinlutherhadno

    intentionofstartingariothearevolutionisthe

    objectedtotheinstitutionoftheindulgencesandheedhis

    fellobut

    thisillaprivateaffairoftheclericalandprofessorial

    nity

    oflayn

    unfortunately;atthatnthewholeworldhad

    beguntotakeaninterestinthereligiousaffairsoftheday

    itpossibletodiscussanything;houtatonce

    entaldisturbanceinlessthantwo

    nths;alleuropeheniyfivethesesof

    thesaxonnkeveryonesttakesideseveryobscure

    littletheologianstprinthisohepapal

    authoritiesbegantobealardtheyorderedthetenberg

    professortoproeandgiveanacuntofhisaction

    luthereeredhadhappenedtohusshe

    stayedingeya
………………………………

第58节

    ndhenication

    lutherbuedthepapalbullinthepresenceofan

    adringltitudeandfrohatnt;peacebetself

    andthepopewasnolongerpossible

    ethe

    leaderofavastarofdisntentedchristiansge

    patriotslikeulrichvonhutten;rushedtohisdefencethe

    studentsoftenberganderfurtandleipzigofferedto

    defendhihouldtheauthoritiestrytoirisonhithe

    eleennoharbr 》

    heraslongashestayedonsaxonground

    allthishappenedintheyear1520charlesvy

    yearsoldandastherulerofhalftheo

    reinonpleasantterhthepopehesentoutcalls

    foradietorgeneralasselyinthegoodcityofson

    therhineandndedluthertobepresentandgivean

    acuntofhisextraordinarybehaviourluther;whonow

    ans;herefusedto

    takebackasinglehehadevertenorsaid

    hisnsciencerolledonlybythewordofgodhe

    onscience

    thedietofs;afterduedeliberation;declared

    lutheranoutlaan;andforbadeallges

    togivehihelterorfoodordrink;ortoreadasingle

    hebookshedastardlyheretichadten

    butthegreatreforrajority

    ofthegesofthenorththeedictost

    unjustandoutrageousdocuntforgreatersafety;luther

    heburg;acastlebelongingtotheelector

    ofsaxony;andtherehedefiedallpapalauthoritybytranslating

    theentirebibleintothegelanguage;thatallthe

    peopleghtreadandknoselves

    bythisti;therefortionual

    andreligiousaffairthoseode

    churchbuildingusedthisperiodofunresttoattackand

    destroytheydidnotlikebecausetheydidnotunderstand

    itioverishedknightstriedtokeupforpastlossesby

    grabbingtheterritoryonasteries

    disntentedprinperor

    toincreasetheiroarvingpeasants;following

    theleadershipofhalfadethebestof

    theopportunityandattaastersand

    plunderedandrderedandbuedhthezealoftheold

    crusaders

    averitablereignofdisorderbrokeloosethroughoutthe

    eiresoprincesbecaprotestantsasthe‘‘protesting

    adherentsoflutheredtheir

    ainedcatholicandhangedtheir

    protestantsubjectsthedietofspeyeroftheyear1526

    triedtosettlethisdifficultquestionofallegiancebyordering

    that‘‘thesubjeereligiousdenonation

    astheirprincesthistuedgeyintoacheckerboard

    ofathousandhostilelittleduchiesandprincipalitiesand

    createdasituationalpolitical

    growthforhundredsofyears

    infebruaryoftheyear1546lutherdiedand

    torestinthesachurchynineyearsbeforehe

    hadproclaidhisfausobjectionstothesaleofindulgences

    inlessthanthirtyyears;theindifferent;jokingand

    laughingedinto

    thearguing;quarrelling;backbiting;debatingsocietyofthe

    refortiontheuniversalspiritualeireofthepopes

    catoasuddenendandtheeeuropewas

    tuedintoabattlefield;estantsandcatholics

    killedeachotherforthegreatergloryofcertaintheological

    doctrinesprehensibletothepresentgeneration

    asthesteriousinscriptionsoftheancientetruscans

    religiouswarfare

    theageofthegreatreligious

    ntroversies

    thesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesheageof

    religiousntroversy

    ifyouosteverybody

    aroundyouisforever‘‘talkingenocsanddiscussing

    rikesintheirrelationtothe

    lifeofthenity;forthatistheintopifinterest

    ofouroe

    thepoorlittlechildrenoftheyear1600or1650fared

    hingbut‘‘religiontheir

    headsh‘‘predestination;‘‘transubstantition;

    ‘‘freeherqueerwords;expressing

    obscurepointsof‘‘thetruefaith;hercatholir

    protestantacrdingtothedesireoftheirparentstheywere

    baptisedcatholicsorlutheransorcalvinistsorzwinglians

    oranabaptiststheyleaedtheirtheologyfroheaugsburg

    the‘‘institutes

    ofchristianity;uledthe

    thirtyninearticlesoffaithedintheenglish

    bookofnprayer;andtheyoldthatthese

    alonerepresentedthe‘‘truefaith

    theyheardoftheheftofchurchproperty

    perpetratedbykinghenryviii;thechrriednarchof

    england;adehielfthesupreheadoftheenglish

    church;andassudtheoldpapalrightsofappointingbishops

    andprieststheyhadanightreeone

    ntionedtheholyinquisition;hitsdungeonsandits

    nytorturechaers;andtheyreatedtoequallyhorrible

    storiesofhoobofoutrageddutchprotestantshad

    gotholdofadozendefen

    forthesheerpleasureofkillingthosewhoprofessed

    adifferentfaithitunatethatthetwo

    ntendingpartiesatchedotherwise

    thestruggleetoaquicksolution

    nodraggedonforeightgenerations;and

    itgrepliost

    iortantdetails;andstaskyoutogetthe

    restfroneofthenyhistoriesoftherefortion

    thegreatreforoventoftheprotestants

    hadbeenfollo

    ofthechurchthosepopeswho

    hadbeenrelyateurhunistsanddealersinron

    andgreekantiquities;disappearedfrohesceneand

    theirplaceentyhours

    adayadnisteringthoseholydutieshhadbeenplaced

    intheirhands

    thelongandratherdisgraonasteries

    onksandnunsobeup

    atsunrise;tostudythechurchfathers;totendthesickand

    nsolethedyingtheholyinquisitioncheddayand

    nightthatnodangerousdoctrinesshouldbespreadbywayof

    thep
………………………………

第59节

    rintingpresshereitisentionpoor

    galileo;tletoo

    indiscreetinexplainingtheheavenshhisfunnylittle

    telespeandhadtteredcertainopinionsaboutthebehaviour

    oftheplasirelyopposedtotheofficialviews

    ofthechurchbutinallfaiesstothepope;theclergyand

    theinquisition;itoughttobestatedthattheprotestantswere

    quiteasedicineasthecatholics

    andanifestationsofignoranceandintolerance

    regardedthenselves

    asthestdangerouseneesofnkind

    anderandthetyrant

    bothpoliticalandspiritualofgeneva;notonlyassistedthe

    frenchauthoritiesichaelservetus

    thespanishtheologianandphysicianefaus

    astheassistantofvesalius;thefirstgreatanatost;but

    anagedtoescapefroisfrenchjailand

    hadfledtogeneva;calvinthreanintoprison

    andafteraprolongedtrial;allotobebuedatthe

    stakeonae

    asascientist

    andsoitisticsuponthe

    subject;butonthee

    longbeforetheen

    andenatedon

    asofthevery

    energetie

    fortoleranceandpleasereerthiswhenyougrow

    older;isofveryrecentoriginandeventhepeopleofourown

    socalled‘‘detobetolerantonlyuponsuch

    ttersasdonotinteresttheerychtheyaretolerant

    toes

    abuddhistorahaedan;becauseneitherbuddhisor

    haedaniseansanythingtothebuthey

    hearthattheieighbouranandbelieved

    inahighprotectivetariff;hasjoinedthesocialistpartyand

    nostorepealalltarifflaheirtoleranceceasesand

    theyusealstthesaployedbyakindly

    catholirprotestantoftheseventeenthcentury;whowas

    infordthathisbestfriendhehadaled

    andlovedhadfallenavictiotheterribleheresiesofthe

    protestantorcatholicchurch

    ‘‘heresyuntilaveryshorttiagowasregardedasa

    diseasenoanneglectingthepersonal

    eandexposinghielf

    andhischildrentothedangersoftyphoidfeveroranother

    preventabledisease;heboardofhealthandthe

    healthoffiinrevingthis

    personnity

    inthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies;aheretic;an

    oraanentalprinciples

    uponestantorcatholicreligionhadbeen

    founded;oreterriblenacethanatyphoid

    ightverylikelyroythe

    bodybutheresy;a;ivelydestroy

    theiortalsoulithereforethedutyofallgoodand

    logicalcitizenstoiesofthe

    establishedorderofthingsandthoseodosowere

    asantelephoothe

    nearestdoctorhathisfelloenantsare

    sufferingfrollpox

    intheyearstoeyoudealabout

    preventivedicinepreventivedicinesilyansthatour

    doctorsdonotuntiltheirpatientsaresick;thenstep

    foronthentrary;theystudythepatient

    andthenditionsunderhepatient

    isperfectlyoveeverypossiblecauseofillness

    bycleaninguprubbish;byteachinghioeatand

    toavoid;andbygivinghifepleideasofpersonal

    hygienetheygoevenfurtherthanthat;andthesegood

    doctorsentertheschoolsandteachthechildrenhoouse

    toothbrushesandhooavoidcatchinglds

    thesixteenthcenturyriedto

    shouchlessiortantthansickness

    ofspiritual

    preventivedicineassoonasachildospell

    hisfirstedinthetrueandthe‘‘only

    trueprinciplesofthefaithindirectlythisprovedtobea

    goodthingforthegeneralprogressofthepeopleofeurope

    theprotestantlandstedhschoolsthey

    usedagreatdealofveryvaluabletitoexplainthecatechis

    buttheygaveinstructioninotherthingsbesidestheology

    theyenuragedreadingandtheywereresponsible

    forthegreatprosperityoftheprintingtrade

    butthecatholicsdidnotlagbehindtheytoodevoted

    atter;

    foundaninvaluablefriendandallyinthenewlyfounded

    orderofthesoarkable

    organisationeralifeofunholy

    adventureshadbeennvertedandthereuponfelthielf

    boundtoservetheersinners;who

    havebeenshoy;

    devotethereiningyearsoftheirlivestothetaskofaiding

    andnsolingthoseunate

    thenaofthisspaniardiusdeloyolahe

    ericahehad

    beenedforlifeandhehospital

    hehadseenavisionoftheholyvirginandherson;who

    badehiiveuptheerlifehedecided

    togototheholylandandfinishthetaskofthecrusades

    butavisittojerusaleadshotheiossibility

    ofthetaskandheretuedtohelpinthewarfare

    upontheheresiesofthelutheran
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