《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第19部分


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    philosophyandleainginthesixteenthcentur
………………………………

第53节

    yitved

    oreanddetheuntriesthatborderupon

    theatlanticbeethestersoftheearth

    therearethosehatthehesuicide

    ofthegreateuropeannationshasgreatlydinishedthe

    iortanceoftheatlanticeantheyexpecttoseecivilisation

    ericanntinentandfindaneeinthe

    pacificbutidoubtthis

    thepaniedbyasteadyincreasein

    thesizeofshipsandabroadeningoftheknohenavigators

    theflatbottodvesselsofthenileandtheeuphrates

    hesailingvesselsofthephoenicians;the

    aegeans;thegreeks;thecarthaginiansandtherons

    theseintuhesquareriggedvesselsof

    theportugueseandthespaniardsandthelatterweredriven

    froheoceanbythefullriggedcraftoftheenglishandthe

    dutch

    atpresent;hoionnolongerdependsupon

    shipsaircrafthastakenandinuetotaketheplace

    ofthesailingvesselandthestearthenextcentreof

    civilisationentofaircraftand

    oreshallbetheundisturbed

    hoofthelittlefishes;esharedtheirdeep

    residenceanrace

    buddhaandnfucius

    nceingbuddhaandnfucius

    thedisveriesoftheportugueseandthespaniardshad

    broughtthechristiansofeeuropeintoclosentact

    hthepeopleofindiaandofchinatheykneourse

    thatchristianitytheonlyreligiononthisearththere

    dansandtheheathenishtribesofnorthe

    africaicksandstonesanddeadtreesbut

    inindiaandinchinathechristiannquerorsfoundnew

    llionsand

    tohearofhibecausetheythoughttheiroh

    uchbetterthanthatofthe

    asthisisastoryofnkindandnotanexclusivehistoryof

    thepeopleofeuropeandourisphere;youought

    toknoethingofteneachingandwhose

    exalentinuetoinfluencetheactionsandthethoughts

    ofthejorityofourfelloravellersonthisearth

    inindia;buddhahegreatreligious

    teacherhishistoryisaninterestingonehewasboin

    thesixthcenturybeforethebirthofchrist;hinsightofthe

    ghtyhilayauntains;wherefourhundredyearsbefore

    zarathustraorzoroaster;thefirstofthegreatleadersof

    thearyanracethenaheeastebranchofthe

    indoeuropeanracehadgiventoitself;hadtaughthispeople

    toregardlifeasantinuousstrugglebetan;

    andorzd;thegodsofevilandgoodbuddhas

    fatherightychiefangthetribeofthe

    sakiyashisther;haya;hedaughterofa

    neighbouringkingshehadbeenrriedwhenshewasavery

    younggirlbutnyonshadpassedbeyondthedistant

    ridgeofhillsandstillherhusbandhoutanheirwho

    shouldrulehislandsafterhiatlast;y

    yearsold;herdaycaandsheightbe

    angheroeintothis

    world

    itaha

    yahadspentherearliestyearsonenightsheing

    angtheoltreesofthegardenofluinithereherson

    eofsiddhartha;butweknow

    hisbuddha;eanstheenlightenedone

    indueti;siddharthagreeyoung

    princeandarriedto

    hisusinyasodharaduringthenexttenyearshelived

    faraallpainandallsuffering;behindtheprotecting

    heroyalpalace;aingthedaywhenheshould

    succeedhisfatheraskingofthesakiyas

    butithappenedthathirtyyearsold;hedrove

    outsideofthepalacegatesandsaanwhowasoldand

    bsuldhardlycarry

    theburdenoflifesiddharthapointedhiuttohisachn;

    channa;butchannaanshattheresof

    poorpeopleinthisoreorlessdidnot

    ttertheyoungprincehedidnotsay

    anythingandbacktolivehhisher

    andhistherandtriedtobehappyalittleerhe

    leftthepalaceasendtihiscarriagetanwho

    sufferedfroterriblediseasesiddharthaaskedchanna

    anssuffering;buttheachn

    ansanysickpeopleinthisworld

    andthatsuatter

    verychtheyoungprincehis

    butagainheretuedtohispeople

    afehaorderedhis

    carriageinordertogototheriverandbathesuddenlyhis

    horsesanting

    bodylayspraheditchbesidetheroadtheyoung

    prince;oseesuchthings;was

    frightened;butnottondsuchtriflesthe

    heruleoflifethatall

    thingsstetoanendnothingealthegrave

    aedusallandthereape

    thatevening;e;he

    usicayhiswifehad

    givenbirthtoasonthepeopleedbecausenow

    theyknehatthereothethroneandthey

    anydrusiddhartha;

    hosharetheirjoythecurtainoflifehadbeen

    liftedandhehadleaedthehorrorofnsexistencethe

    sightofdeathandsufferingfollolikeaterribledrea

    thatnighttheonlysiddhartha

    anythingsneveragain

    uldhebehappyuntilheshouldhavefoundasolutiontothe

    riddleofexistencehedecidedtofinditfaraall

    thosehelovedsoftlyhewhere

    yasodharahherbabythenhecalledfor

    hisfaithfultofollow

    togetherthetenintothedarknessofthenight;

    oofindrestforhissoul;theothertobeafaithfulservant

    untoabelovedster

    thepeopleofindiaangsiddharthawanderedfor

    nyyearstheninastateofchangetheirancestors;

    thenativeindians;hadbeennqueredhoutgreatdifficulty

    bytheantusinsandtherea
………………………………

第54节

    fter

    thearyanshadbeentherulersandstersoftensof

    llionsofdoaintaintheelvesin

    theseatoftheghty;theyhaddividedthepopulationinto

    differentost

    rigidsorthadbeenenforceduponthenativesthedescendants

    oftheindoeuropeannquerorsbelongedtothehighest

    ‘‘caste;theclassofethecaste

    ofthepriestsbelohesefollohepeasantsandthe

    businessntheancientnatives;hoalled

    pariahs;fordaiserableslavesand

    neveruldhopetobeanythingelse

    eventhereligionofthepeopleatterofcastethe

    oldindoeuropeans;duringtheirthousandsofyearsof

    etanystrangeadventuresthesehad

    beenllectedinabookcalledthevedathelanguageof

    thisbook;anditedtothe

    differentlanguagesoftheeuropeanntinent;togreekand

    latinandrussianandgeandthersthe

    threehighestcastesoreadtheseholyscriptures

    thepariah;hoeerofthelocaste;

    ittedtoknoanof

    nobleorpriestlycasteeachapariahtostudythe

    sae

    thejorityoftheindianpeople;therefore;livedin

    serysinverylittlejoy;salvation

    froufferingstbefoundelseriedto

    derivealittlensolationfroeditationupontheblissof

    theirfutureexistence

    brah;theallcreatorheindian

    peopleasthesupreruleroflifeanddeath;wasworshipped

    asthehighestidealofperfea;to

    losealldesiresforrichesandpoost

    exaltedpurposeofexistenceholythoughtswereregarded

    asreiortantthanholydeeds;andnypeople

    intothedesertandlivedupontheleavesoftreesandstarved

    theirbodiesthattheyghtfeedtheirsoulshtheglorious

    ntelationofthesplendoursofbrah;thehe

    goodandtherciful

    siddhartha;enobservedthesesolitarywanderers

    theturil

    ofthecitiesandthevillages;decidedtofollople

    hecuthishairhetookhispearlsandhisrubiesandsent

    theailyessageoffarehe

    everfaithfulchannacarriedhoutasinglefollohe

    youngprincethenvedintothewildeess

    soonthefaofhisholynduountains

    fiveyoungnandaskedthattheyght

    bealloheagreedtobe

    theirsteriftheytheynsented;and

    hetookthentothehillsandforsixyearshetaughtthebr 》

    allhekneidstthelonelypeaksofthevindhyauntains

    butattheendofthisperiodofstudy;hefeltthatheill

    farfroerfectionthehathehadleftntinuedto

    tethihenoandthen

    hefastedforfortyninedaysandnights;sittingupontheroots

    ofanoldtreeatlasthereceivedhisreheduskof

    thefiftiethevening;brahrevealedhielftohisfaithful

    servantfrohatnton;siddharthaalledbuddha

    andheeto

    savenfroheirunhappyrtalfate

    thelastfortyfiveyearsofhislife;buddhaspenthin

    thevalleyofthegangesriver;teachinghissilelessonof

    subssionandeknessuntoallnintheyear488before

    ourera;hedied;fullofyearsandbelovedbyllionsofpeople

    hehadnotpreachedhisdoctrinesforthebenefitofasingle

    selfhisdisciple

    this;hopleasethenoblesandthepriestsand

    therchantsheirbesttodestroyacreedhregnised

    theequalityofalllivingenthe

    hopeofasendlifeareinstances

    assoonastheyuld;theyenuragedthepeopleof

    indiatoretutotheanincreed

    hitsfastinganditstorturesofthesinfulbodybut

    buddhisldnotbedestroyedslohedisciplesofthe

    enlightenedonealayas;

    andvedintochinatheycrossedtheyellowsea

    andpreaasteruntothepeopleof

    japan;andtheyfaithfullyobeyedtheaster;

    tousefororepeople

    regnisebuddhaastheirteacherthaneverbeforeandtheir

    nuersurpassesthatofthebinedfollod

    asfofucius;theanofthechinese;his

    storyisasileoneheheyear550bche

    ledaquiet;dignifiedanduneventfullifeatatihina

    entandhechinese

    peopleercyofbanditsandrobberbaronswho

    urdering

    andtuingthebusyplainsofnortheandcentralchinainto

    aarvingpeople

    nfucius;he

    didnothavechfaithintheuseofviolencehewasavery

    peaakepeople

    overbygivingthelotofnehattheonly

    possiblesalvationefrochangeofheart;andhe

    setoutupontheseenglyhopelesstaskofchangingthecharacter

    ofhisllionsoffelloenedthewideplains

    ofeasteasiathechinesehadneverbeenchinterested

    inreligionasandthatheybelievedin

    devilsandspooksasstpritivepeopledobuttheyhad

    noprophetsandregnisedno‘‘revealedtruthnfucius

    isalsttheonlyoneangthegreatralleaderswhodid

    notseevisions;hielfasthessenger

    ofadivinepoetioranother;claibr 》

    thatheabove

    hean;rathergiven

    tolonelyelancholytunesuponhisfaithful

    fluteheaskedfooregnitionhedidnotdendthat

    anyoneshouldfolloorherendsus

    oftheancientgreekphilosophers;especiallythoseofthestoic

    senlivingandrighteousthinking

    plyforthepeaceof

    thesoulthateshagoodnscience

    nfuciusanheoutofhis

    ovisi
………………………………

第55节

    tlaotse;theothergreatchineseleaderandthe

    founderofaphilosophi;hwas

    relyanearlychineseversionofthegoldenrule

    nfuciusborenohatredtoanyonehetaughtthevirtue

    ofsupreselfpossessionapersonofrealh;acrding

    totheteachingofnfucius;didnotalloselftobe

    ruffledbyangerandsufferedh

    theresignationofthosesagesandthateverything

    eantforthebest

    atfirsthehadonlyafeber

    increasedbeforehisdeath;intheyear478bc;severalofthe

    kingsandtheprinselveshisdisciples

    ;thephilosophyof

    nfuentalkeup

    ofstchinanithasntinuedtoinfluencetheirlives

    eversinostreligions

    ilityand

    eknessandabsencefroitions;butfifteen

    centuriesaftergolgotha;theheadofthechristianchurchwas

    spendingllionsupontheerectionofabuildingthatbore

    littlerelationtothelonelystableofbethlehe

    laotsetaughtthegoldenrule;andinlessthanthree

    asseshaddehintoarealand

    veryandntsunder

    arubbishheapofsuperstitionadethelivesoftheaverage

    chineseonelongseriesoffrightsandfearsandhorrors

    nfuciushadshoudentsthebeautiesofhonouring

    theirfatherandtheirthertheysoonbegantobere

    interestedintheryoftheirdepartedparentsthaninthe

    happinessoftheirchildrenandtheirgrandchildrendeliberately

    theytuedtheirbacksuponthefutureandtriedto

    peerintothevastdarknessofthepastthehe

    aneapositivereligioussysteratherthan

    disturbaceterysituateduponthesunnyandfertilesideof

    auntain;theytheirriceanduponthe

    barrenrocksoftheotherslopehinguldpossibly

    groiothedesecration

    oftheancestralgrave

    atthesatithee

    losttheirholduponth
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