philosophyandleainginthesixteenthcentur
………………………………
第53节
yitved
oreanddetheuntriesthatborderupon
theatlanticbeethestersoftheearth
therearethosehatthehesuicide
ofthegreateuropeannationshasgreatlydinishedthe
iortanceoftheatlanticeantheyexpecttoseecivilisation
ericanntinentandfindaneeinthe
pacificbutidoubtthis
thepaniedbyasteadyincreasein
thesizeofshipsandabroadeningoftheknohenavigators
theflatbottodvesselsofthenileandtheeuphrates
hesailingvesselsofthephoenicians;the
aegeans;thegreeks;thecarthaginiansandtherons
theseintuhesquareriggedvesselsof
theportugueseandthespaniardsandthelatterweredriven
froheoceanbythefullriggedcraftoftheenglishandthe
dutch
atpresent;hoionnolongerdependsupon
shipsaircrafthastakenandinuetotaketheplace
ofthesailingvesselandthestearthenextcentreof
civilisationentofaircraftand
oreshallbetheundisturbed
hoofthelittlefishes;esharedtheirdeep
residenceanrace
buddhaandnfucius
nceingbuddhaandnfucius
thedisveriesoftheportugueseandthespaniardshad
broughtthechristiansofeeuropeintoclosentact
hthepeopleofindiaandofchinatheykneourse
thatchristianitytheonlyreligiononthisearththere
dansandtheheathenishtribesofnorthe
africaicksandstonesanddeadtreesbut
inindiaandinchinathechristiannquerorsfoundnew
llionsand
tohearofhibecausetheythoughttheiroh
uchbetterthanthatofthe
asthisisastoryofnkindandnotanexclusivehistoryof
thepeopleofeuropeandourisphere;youought
toknoethingofteneachingandwhose
exalentinuetoinfluencetheactionsandthethoughts
ofthejorityofourfelloravellersonthisearth
inindia;buddhahegreatreligious
teacherhishistoryisaninterestingonehewasboin
thesixthcenturybeforethebirthofchrist;hinsightofthe
ghtyhilayauntains;wherefourhundredyearsbefore
zarathustraorzoroaster;thefirstofthegreatleadersof
thearyanracethenaheeastebranchofthe
indoeuropeanracehadgiventoitself;hadtaughthispeople
toregardlifeasantinuousstrugglebetan;
andorzd;thegodsofevilandgoodbuddhas
fatherightychiefangthetribeofthe
sakiyashisther;haya;hedaughterofa
neighbouringkingshehadbeenrriedwhenshewasavery
younggirlbutnyonshadpassedbeyondthedistant
ridgeofhillsandstillherhusbandhoutanheirwho
shouldrulehislandsafterhiatlast;y
yearsold;herdaycaandsheightbe
angheroeintothis
world
itaha
yahadspentherearliestyearsonenightsheing
angtheoltreesofthegardenofluinithereherson
eofsiddhartha;butweknow
hisbuddha;eanstheenlightenedone
indueti;siddharthagreeyoung
princeandarriedto
hisusinyasodharaduringthenexttenyearshelived
faraallpainandallsuffering;behindtheprotecting
heroyalpalace;aingthedaywhenheshould
succeedhisfatheraskingofthesakiyas
butithappenedthathirtyyearsold;hedrove
outsideofthepalacegatesandsaanwhowasoldand
bsuldhardlycarry
theburdenoflifesiddharthapointedhiuttohisachn;
channa;butchannaanshattheresof
poorpeopleinthisoreorlessdidnot
ttertheyoungprincehedidnotsay
anythingandbacktolivehhisher
andhistherandtriedtobehappyalittleerhe
leftthepalaceasendtihiscarriagetanwho
sufferedfroterriblediseasesiddharthaaskedchanna
anssuffering;buttheachn
ansanysickpeopleinthisworld
andthatsuatter
verychtheyoungprincehis
butagainheretuedtohispeople
afehaorderedhis
carriageinordertogototheriverandbathesuddenlyhis
horsesanting
bodylayspraheditchbesidetheroadtheyoung
prince;oseesuchthings;was
frightened;butnottondsuchtriflesthe
heruleoflifethatall
thingsstetoanendnothingealthegrave
aedusallandthereape
thatevening;e;he
usicayhiswifehad
givenbirthtoasonthepeopleedbecausenow
theyknehatthereothethroneandthey
anydrusiddhartha;
hosharetheirjoythecurtainoflifehadbeen
liftedandhehadleaedthehorrorofnsexistencethe
sightofdeathandsufferingfollolikeaterribledrea
thatnighttheonlysiddhartha
anythingsneveragain
uldhebehappyuntilheshouldhavefoundasolutiontothe
riddleofexistencehedecidedtofinditfaraall
thosehelovedsoftlyhewhere
yasodharahherbabythenhecalledfor
hisfaithfultofollow
togetherthetenintothedarknessofthenight;
oofindrestforhissoul;theothertobeafaithfulservant
untoabelovedster
thepeopleofindiaangsiddharthawanderedfor
nyyearstheninastateofchangetheirancestors;
thenativeindians;hadbeennqueredhoutgreatdifficulty
bytheantusinsandtherea
………………………………
第54节
fter
thearyanshadbeentherulersandstersoftensof
llionsofdoaintaintheelvesin
theseatoftheghty;theyhaddividedthepopulationinto
differentost
rigidsorthadbeenenforceduponthenativesthedescendants
oftheindoeuropeannquerorsbelongedtothehighest
‘‘caste;theclassofethecaste
ofthepriestsbelohesefollohepeasantsandthe
businessntheancientnatives;hoalled
pariahs;fordaiserableslavesand
neveruldhopetobeanythingelse
eventhereligionofthepeopleatterofcastethe
oldindoeuropeans;duringtheirthousandsofyearsof
etanystrangeadventuresthesehad
beenllectedinabookcalledthevedathelanguageof
thisbook;anditedtothe
differentlanguagesoftheeuropeanntinent;togreekand
latinandrussianandgeandthersthe
threehighestcastesoreadtheseholyscriptures
thepariah;hoeerofthelocaste;
ittedtoknoanof
nobleorpriestlycasteeachapariahtostudythe
sae
thejorityoftheindianpeople;therefore;livedin
serysinverylittlejoy;salvation
froufferingstbefoundelseriedto
derivealittlensolationfroeditationupontheblissof
theirfutureexistence
brah;theallcreatorheindian
peopleasthesupreruleroflifeanddeath;wasworshipped
asthehighestidealofperfea;to
losealldesiresforrichesandpoost
exaltedpurposeofexistenceholythoughtswereregarded
asreiortantthanholydeeds;andnypeople
intothedesertandlivedupontheleavesoftreesandstarved
theirbodiesthattheyghtfeedtheirsoulshtheglorious
ntelationofthesplendoursofbrah;thehe
goodandtherciful
siddhartha;enobservedthesesolitarywanderers
theturil
ofthecitiesandthevillages;decidedtofollople
hecuthishairhetookhispearlsandhisrubiesandsent
theailyessageoffarehe
everfaithfulchannacarriedhoutasinglefollohe
youngprincethenvedintothewildeess
soonthefaofhisholynduountains
fiveyoungnandaskedthattheyght
bealloheagreedtobe
theirsteriftheytheynsented;and
hetookthentothehillsandforsixyearshetaughtthebr 》
allhekneidstthelonelypeaksofthevindhyauntains
butattheendofthisperiodofstudy;hefeltthatheill
farfroerfectionthehathehadleftntinuedto
tethihenoandthen
hefastedforfortyninedaysandnights;sittingupontheroots
ofanoldtreeatlasthereceivedhisreheduskof
thefiftiethevening;brahrevealedhielftohisfaithful
servantfrohatnton;siddharthaalledbuddha
andheeto
savenfroheirunhappyrtalfate
thelastfortyfiveyearsofhislife;buddhaspenthin
thevalleyofthegangesriver;teachinghissilelessonof
subssionandeknessuntoallnintheyear488before
ourera;hedied;fullofyearsandbelovedbyllionsofpeople
hehadnotpreachedhisdoctrinesforthebenefitofasingle
selfhisdisciple
this;hopleasethenoblesandthepriestsand
therchantsheirbesttodestroyacreedhregnised
theequalityofalllivingenthe
hopeofasendlifeareinstances
assoonastheyuld;theyenuragedthepeopleof
indiatoretutotheanincreed
hitsfastinganditstorturesofthesinfulbodybut
buddhisldnotbedestroyedslohedisciplesofthe
enlightenedonealayas;
andvedintochinatheycrossedtheyellowsea
andpreaasteruntothepeopleof
japan;andtheyfaithfullyobeyedtheaster;
tousefororepeople
regnisebuddhaastheirteacherthaneverbeforeandtheir
nuersurpassesthatofthebinedfollod
asfofucius;theanofthechinese;his
storyisasileoneheheyear550bche
ledaquiet;dignifiedanduneventfullifeatatihina
entandhechinese
peopleercyofbanditsandrobberbaronswho
urdering
andtuingthebusyplainsofnortheandcentralchinainto
aarvingpeople
nfucius;he
didnothavechfaithintheuseofviolencehewasavery
peaakepeople
overbygivingthelotofnehattheonly
possiblesalvationefrochangeofheart;andhe
setoutupontheseenglyhopelesstaskofchangingthecharacter
ofhisllionsoffelloenedthewideplains
ofeasteasiathechinesehadneverbeenchinterested
inreligionasandthatheybelievedin
devilsandspooksasstpritivepeopledobuttheyhad
noprophetsandregnisedno‘‘revealedtruthnfucius
isalsttheonlyoneangthegreatralleaderswhodid
notseevisions;hielfasthessenger
ofadivinepoetioranother;claibr 》
thatheabove
hean;rathergiven
tolonelyelancholytunesuponhisfaithful
fluteheaskedfooregnitionhedidnotdendthat
anyoneshouldfolloorherendsus
oftheancientgreekphilosophers;especiallythoseofthestoic
senlivingandrighteousthinking
plyforthepeaceof
thesoulthateshagoodnscience
nfuciusanheoutofhis
ovisi
………………………………
第55节
tlaotse;theothergreatchineseleaderandthe
founderofaphilosophi;hwas
relyanearlychineseversionofthegoldenrule
nfuciusborenohatredtoanyonehetaughtthevirtue
ofsupreselfpossessionapersonofrealh;acrding
totheteachingofnfucius;didnotalloselftobe
ruffledbyangerandsufferedh
theresignationofthosesagesandthateverything
eantforthebest
atfirsthehadonlyafeber
increasedbeforehisdeath;intheyear478bc;severalofthe
kingsandtheprinselveshisdisciples
;thephilosophyof
nfuentalkeup
ofstchinanithasntinuedtoinfluencetheirlives
eversinostreligions
ilityand
eknessandabsencefroitions;butfifteen
centuriesaftergolgotha;theheadofthechristianchurchwas
spendingllionsupontheerectionofabuildingthatbore
littlerelationtothelonelystableofbethlehe
laotsetaughtthegoldenrule;andinlessthanthree
asseshaddehintoarealand
veryandntsunder
arubbishheapofsuperstitionadethelivesoftheaverage
chineseonelongseriesoffrightsandfearsandhorrors
nfuciushadshoudentsthebeautiesofhonouring
theirfatherandtheirthertheysoonbegantobere
interestedintheryoftheirdepartedparentsthaninthe
happinessoftheirchildrenandtheirgrandchildrendeliberately
theytuedtheirbacksuponthefutureandtriedto
peerintothevastdarknessofthepastthehe
aneapositivereligioussysteratherthan
disturbaceterysituateduponthesunnyandfertilesideof
auntain;theytheirriceanduponthe
barrenrocksoftheotherslopehinguldpossibly
groiothedesecration
oftheancestralgrave
atthesatithee
losttheirholduponth
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