tothegalloandbuedhisbodyadst
thecheerfulhoob
itquiteinevitablesavonarola
anintheeleventhcenturyinthe
fifteenthcenturyheerelytheleaderofalostcause
forbetteroretoanendwhen
thepopehadtuedhunistande
thestiortantseufronandgreekantiquities
theageofexpression
thepeoplebegantofeeltheneedof
givingexpressiontotheiewly
disveredjoyoflivingtheyexpressed
theirhappinessinpoetry
andinsculptureandinarchitecture
andinpaintingandinthe
bookstheyprinted
intheyear1471therediedapiousoldn
seventytyoneyearsbehindtheshelteringwalls
oftheountstagnesnearthegoodtownof
zheolddutchhanseaticcityontheriveryselhe
asandbecausehehadbeenbo
inthevillageofkeen;heasakeis
attheageofttodeventer;where
gerhardgroot;abrilliantgraduateoftheuniversitiesof
paris;logneandprague;andfausasawandering
preacher;hadfoundedthesocietyofthebrothersofthe
nlifethegoodbrothersblelaynwho
triedtolivethesilelifeoftheearlyapostlesofchrist
theirregularjobsascarpentersandhouse
paintersandstonesonstheyintainedanexcellent
sightbetaught
theofthefathersofthechurchatthisschool;
littlethoshadleaedhoonjugatelatinverbsand
hoanuscriptsthenhehadtakenhisvows;had
puthislittlebundleofbooksuponhisback;hado
zhasighofreliefhehadclosedthedoorupona
turbulent
thoslivedinanageofturil;pestilenceandsudden
deathinia;thedevoteddisciplesof
johannushuss;thefriendandfollohe
englishreforr;haterriblehedeath
oftheirbelovedleaderthestakebyorderof
thatsaunasafenduct
ifheetoszerlandandexplainhisdoctrinestothepope;
theeeror;tythreecardinals;thirtythreearchbishopsandbishops;
onehundredandfiftyabbotsandrethanahundredprincesand
dukestheirchurch
inthe;francehadbeenfightingforahundredyearsthat
sheghtdrivetheenglishfroerterritoriesandjustthenwas
savedfrotterdefeatbythefortunateappearanceofjoanofarc
andnosoonerhadthisstruggleetoanendthanfranceandburgundy
eachothersthroats;engageduponastruggleoflifeanddeath
forthesuprecyofeeurope
inthesouth;apopeatrohecursesof
heavendoavignon;
insouthefrance;andaliatedinkindinthe
fareasttheturksnantsofthe
roneireandtherussianshadstarteduponafinal
crusadetocrushthepoasters
butofallthis;brotherthosinhisquietcellnever
heardhehadhisnuscriptsandhisohoughtsand
heentedhepouredhisloveofgodintoalittle
voluhecalledittheitationofchristithassince
beentranslatedintorelanguagesthananyotherbook
savethebibleithasbeenreadbyquiteasnypeople
aseverstudiedtheholyscripturesithasinfluencedthe
livesofuntlessl
………………………………
第49节
lionsanditan
ple
ightquietlyspendhisdayssittinginalittle
erhalittlebook
goodbrotherthosrepresentedthepurestidealsofthe
ddleagessurroundedonallsidesbytheforcesofthe
viing
theingofdetis;theddleagesgathered
strengthforalastsallynasteriesednks
gaveupthehabitsofrichesandvicesile;straightforward
andhonestn;bytheexaleoftheirblaless
anddevoutlives;triedtobringthepeoplebacktothewaysof
righteousnessandhuleresignationtothe
alltonoavailthehesegoodpeople
thedaysofquietditationeraof
‘‘expressionhadbegun
hereandnoesaythatiaorrythatistuse
sony‘‘bighatiuldethishistoryin
itcannotbedoneyoucannot
etryhoutreferencetoahypotenuse
andtrianglesandarectangularparallelopipedyou
silyhavetoleaeanordohout
theticsinhistoryandinalllifeyouually
beobligedtoleatheaningofnystrangewordsof
latinandgreekorigindoitnow
hattherenaissancewasaneraofexpression;
ianthis:peopleentedtobethe
audienceandsitstillperorandthepopetold
theodoandtothinktheyedtobeactors
uponthestageoflifetheyinsistedupongiving‘‘expression
totheiroanhappenedtobeinterested
instatesnshipliketheflorentinehistorian;niclo
cchiavelli;thenhe‘‘expressedhielfinhisbooksh
revealedhisoateandanefficient
rulerifontheotherhandhehadalikingforpainting;he
‘‘expressedhisloveforbeautifullinesandlovelyloursin
thepicturesadethenasofgiotto;fraangeli;
rafaelandathousandothershouseholdwordswherever
peoplehaveleaedtocareforthosethingshexpress
atrueandlastingbeauty
ifthisloveforlourandlinehappenedtobebinedh
aninterestinchanicsandhydraulics;theresultwasaleonardo
davinci;entedh
hisballoonsandflyingchines;drainedthershesofthe
loardianplainsand‘‘expressedhisjoyandinterestinall
thingsbethinprose;inpainting;in
sculptureandincuriouslynceivedenginesanof
giganticstrength;likechaelangelo;foundthebrushand
thepalettetoosoftforhisstronghands;hetuedtosculpture
andtoarchitecture;andhackedthestterrificcreaturesout
ofheavybloarbleanddreheplansforthechurch
ofstpeter;thestncrete‘‘expressionoftheglories
ofthetriuhantchurchandsoit
allitalyandverysoonallofeuropeh
nandenightaddtheirteto
thesuotalofouracculatedtreasuresofknowledgeand
beautyandingey;intheainz;johann
zuansefleisch;nlyknoenberg;had
justinventedaneethodofpyingbookshehadstudied
theoldbyhindividual
lettersofsoftleaduldbeplacedinsuchahat
theyfordistrue;hesoonlost
allhisneyinalaodohtheoriginal
inventionofthepresshediedinpoverty;butthe‘‘expression
ofhisparticularinventivegeniuslivedafterhi
soonaldusinveniceandetienneinparisandplantinin
antheh
carefullyeditededitionsoftheclassicsprintedinthegothic
lettersofthegutenbergbible;orprintedintheitaliantype
hisbook;orprintedingreekletters;orin
hebrew
thentheetheeageraudienceofthose
ethingtosaythedaywhenleainghadbeen
anopolyofaprivilegedfeetoanendandthe
lastexthisworld;when
elzevierofhaarleegantoprinthischeapandpopular
editionsthenaristotleandplato;virgilandhoraceand
pliny;allthegoodlypanyoftheancientauthorsand
philosophersandsansfaithful
friendinexhad
deallnfreeandequalbeforetheprintedword
thegreatdisveries
butnohatpeoplehadbroken
throughthebondsoftheiarrow
diaevallitations;theyhadto
havererooortheirwanderings
theeuropeanworldhad
groallfortheiraitions
iteofthegreat
voyagesofdisvery
thecrusadeshadbeenalessonintheliberalartoftravelling
butveryfeuredbeyondthewell
knovenicetojaffeinthe
thirteentherchantsofvenice;
hadongoliandesertandafter
oon;theyhadfoundtheir
ighty
eerorofe
ofr;hadtenabookabouttheiradventures;h
veredaperiodofrethantyyearstheastonished
hisdescriptionsofthegoldentowersof
thestrangeislandofzipangu;alianwayof
spellingjapannypeoplehadedtogoeast;that
theyghtfindthisgoldlandandgrothetripwas
toofarandtoodangerousandsotheystayedatho
ofurse;thereakingthe
voyagebyseabuttheseaiddle
agesandfoyverygoodreasonsinthefirstplace;ships
allthevesselsonadehis
faustriparoundtheanyyears;were
notaslargeasadeferryboattheycarriedfroy
tofiftyn;erstoolooallowany
oftheostandupstraightandthesailorso
eatpoorlyokedfoodasthekitchenarrangentswerevery
badandnofireuldbedeheherhe
leastbitroughthediaevalopickleherring
andhoodryfishbutthereannedgoods
andfreshvegetableshebilloffareas
soonastheasthadbeenleftb
………………………………
第50节
ehinderarriedin
sllbarrelsitsoonbecastaleandthentastedofrotten
ygrohingsas
thepeopleoftheddleageskneicrobes
rogerban;theleaednkofthethirteenthcentury
seetohavesuspectedtheirexistence;buthe
hisdisverytohielftheyoftendrankuncleanerand
sotistheyphoidfeverindeedthe
rtalityonboardtheshipsoftheearliestnavigatorswas
terribleofthetheyear1519left
sevilletoaousvoyagearound
theeenretuedaslateastheseventeenth
centuryhereradebeteeurope
andtheindies;artalityof40percenthingunusual
foratripfroterdaobataviaandbackthegreater
partofthesevictidiedofscurvy;adiseasehiscaused
bylackoffreshvegetablesandsand
poisonstheblooduntilthepatientdiesofsheerexhaustion
underthosecircutancesyouandthatthesea
didnotattraous
disvererslikegellanandluusandvasdaga
travelledattheheadofcreostentirelyposed
ofexjailbirds;futurerderersandpickpocketsout
ofajob
thesenavigatorsirationforthe
urageandthepluckplishedtheir
hopelesstasksinthefaceofdifficultiesofhepeopleof
ourofortableiontheir
shipssysincetheddle
ofthethirteenthesortofa
passetoeuropefrohinabywayof
arabiaandthecrusadesbuttheyhadverybadandinrrect
pstheysettheirursebygodandbyguessifluck
theyretuedafteroneorthreeyears
intheotherainedbehindon
solonelybeachbuttheybled
ureand
allthesuffering;thethirstandthehungerandthepainwere
forgottenoutlinesofane
ortheplacidersofanoceanthathadlainforgottensince
thebeginningofti
againiakethisbookathousandpages
longthesubjectoftheearlydisveriesissofascinating
buthistory;togiveyouatrueideaofpasttis;shouldbe
likethoseetchingsbrandtusedtokeitshould
portantcauses;onthoseh
arebestandgreatestalltherestshouldbeleftintheshadow
orshouldbeindicatedbyafehischapteri
ostiortantdisveries
keepinndthatallduringthefourteenthandfifteenth
centuriesthenavigatorsplishjustone
thingtheyfortableandsaferoadtothe
eireofcathaychina;totheislandofzipangujapan
andtothosesteriousislands;hespicesh
thediaevaletolikesincethedaysofthe
crusades;andhosedaysbeforethe
introductionofldstorage;eatandfishspoiledvery
quicklyanduldonlybeeatenafteraliberalsprinklingof
pepperoutg
theveiansandthegenoesehadbeenthegreatnavigators
ofthediterranean;butthehonourforexploringthe
astoftheatlanticgoestotheportuguesespainandportugal
hatpatrioticenergyheirageold
struggleagainsttheorishinvadershaddevelopedsuch
energy;onceitexists;caneasilybeforcedintonehannels
inthethirteenthcentury;kingalphonsoiiihadnquered
thekingdofalgarveinthesoutheerofthe
spanishpeninsulaandhadaddedittohisdonionsinthe
nextcentury;theportuguesehadtuedthetablesonthe
haedans;hadcrossedthestraitsofgibraltarandhad
takenpossessionofceuta;oppositethearabiccityoftarifa
aeans‘‘inventoryandhbyway
ofthespanishlanguagehasedoousas‘‘tariff;and
tangiers;ethecapitalofanafricanadditionto
algarve
theyobegintheircareerasexplorers
intheyear1415;princehenry;knohe
navigator;thesonofjohniofportugalandphilippa;the
daughterofjohnofgauntaboutyoucanreadin
richardii;aplaybyshakespearebegantoke
preparationsforthesysteticexplorationofnorthe
africabeforethis;thathotandsandyasthadbeenvisited
bythephoenien;eeredit
asthehoofthehairy‘‘ao
knohegorillaoneafterano
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