《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第15部分


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    sllnuerofrichrchantfaliestheyelectedasenate

    andadogeorduke;buttheactualrulersofthecitywere

    theersofthefausunciloften;aintained

    theelvesofsecret

    serviurderers;chupon

    allcitizensandquietlyrevedthoseightbedangerous

    tothesafetyoftheirhighhandedandunsittee

    ofpublicsafety

    theotherextreofgovent;adecracyofvery

    turbulenthabits;obefoundinflorencethiscity

    ntrolledtheinroadfroortheeuropetoroandused

    theneythisfortunateenoc

    positiontoengageinnufacturingtheflorentinestriedto

    follopleofathensnoblen;priestsanders

    oftheguildsalltookpartinthediscussionsofcivicaffairs

    thisledtogreatcivicupheavalpeoplewereforeverbeingdivided

    intopoliticalpartiesandthesepartiesfoughteachother

    iesandnfiscated

    theirpossessionsassoonastheyhadgainedavictoryinthe

    unobs;

    theinevitablehappenedapoilydeitselfster

    ofthecityandgoveedthetohesurroundinguntry

    afterthefashionoftheoldgreek‘‘tyrantstheyalled

    thedicitheearliestdicihadbeenphysiciansdicus

    islatinforphysician;hencetheia;butlatertheyhad

    tuedbankertheirbanksand
………………………………

第44节

    theirpaobe

    foundinallthereiortantcentresoftradeeventoday

    ouraricanpahethreegoldenballs

    softheghtyhouseof

    thediarriedtheir

    daughterstothekingsoffranceandwereburiedingraves

    ancaesar

    thentherehegreatrivalofvenice;where

    therchantsspecialisedintradehtunisinafricaand

    thegraindepotsoftheblackseathenthereorethan

    telargeandsosll;eachaperfect

    rfightingtheieighboursand

    rivalshtheundyinghatredofneighbourswhoaredepriving

    eachotheroftheirprofits

    oncetheproductsoftheorientandafricahadbeen

    broughttothesedistributingcentres;theystbeprepared

    forthevoyagetotheandthenorth

    genoacarriedhergoodsbywhere

    theyothecitiesalongtherhone;hin

    tuservedastherketplacesofnortheande

    france

    veniceusedthelandroutetonortheeuropethisancient

    roadledacrossthebrennerpass;theoldgatewayfor

    thebarbariansalypastinnsbruck;the

    rchandisethereitdrifteddown

    therhiothenorthseaandengland;oritakento

    augsburgilyhbankers

    andnufacturersandlyby‘‘shaving

    theinsen;lookedafter

    thefurtherdistributiontonureergandleipzigandthe

    citiesofthebalticandtoheislandofgotland

    ertheneedsofthenorthebalticanddealt

    directlyrcial

    centreofrussiaroyedbyivantheterriblein

    theddleofthesixteenthcentury

    thelittlecitiesontheastofnortheeuropehad

    aninterestingstoryoftheiroediaevalea

    greatdealoffishthereanyfastdaysandthenpeople

    ittedtoeatatforthosewholivedaway

    froheastandfroherivers;thisantadietofeggs

    oothingatallbutearlyinthethirteenthcenturyadutch

    fishehaddisveredahatit

    uldbetransportedtodistantpointstheherringfisheries

    ofthenorthseathenbeportancebutso

    tiduringthethirteenthcentury;thisusefullittlefishfor

    reasonsofitsoovedfrohenorthseatothebalticand

    theakeneyallthe

    othebaltictocatchherringandasthatfish

    uldonlybecaughtduringafeonthseachyeartherest

    ofthetiitspendsindeepiliesof

    littleherringstheshipsherest

    ofthetiunlesstheyhadfoundanotheroccupationthey

    henusedtocarrytheofnortheandcentralrussia

    tosoutheandeeuropeontheretuvoyage

    theybroughtspicesandsilksandcarpetsandorientalrugs

    froeniburgandbren

    outofsuportant

    systefinteationaltradethe

    nufacturingcitiesofbrugesandghentighty

    guildsfoughtpitchedbattleshthekingsoffranceand

    englandandestablishedalabourtyrannypletely

    ruinedboththeeloyersandtheentotherepublic

    ofnovgorodinnortherussia;ightycityuntil

    tsarivan;erchants;tookthetownand

    killedsixtythousandpeopleinlessthananthstiand

    reducedthesurvivorstobeggary

    thattheyghtprotecttheelvesagainstpiratesand

    exerchantsofthe

    northfoundedaprotectiveleaguehe

    ‘‘hansathehansa;sheadquartersinlubeck;

    orethanonehundredcities

    theassoaintainedanavyofitsorolled

    theseasandfoughtanddefeatedthekingsofenglandand

    denrkheydaredtointerferehtherightsandthe

    privilegesoftheghtyhanseaticrchants

    iorespaeofthewonderful

    storiesofthisstrangerceharriedon

    aountainsandaidst

    sueagloriousadventure

    butitesanditcannotbedonehere

    besides;ihopethatihavetoldyouenoughabouttheddle

    agestokeyouoreintheexcellentbooks

    ofe

    theddleages;asihavetriedtoshowyou;hadbeena

    periodofveryslohepeopleer

    believedthat‘‘progressionof

    theeviloneandoughttobedisuraged;andastheyhap

    penedtooighty;itoenforce

    theirhepatientserfsandtheilliterateknights

    hereandthereafeetisventuredforthinto

    theforbiddenregionofscience;buttheyfaredbadlyandwere

    nsideredluckyheyescapedhtheirlivesandajail

    sentenceoftyyears

    inthethandthirteenthcenturiesthefloodof

    inteationalrcesovereeuropeasthenile

    hadsacrossthevalleyofancientegyptitleftbehind

    afertilesedintofprosperityprosperityantleisure

    hoursandtheseleisurehoursgavebothnandena

    anuscriptsandtakeaninterestinliterature

    andartandsic

    thenoncerehehthatdivinecuriosity

    anfroheranksofthoseother

    alsained

    du;andthecities;ofentihave

    toldyouinlastchapter;offeredasafesheltertothese

    bravepioneersain

    oftheestablishedorderofthings

    theysettoheheir

    cloisteredandstudiouscellsafloodofsunlightenteredthe

    dustyrooandshothebhered

    duringthelongperiodofsedarkness

    theybegantocleanhousenexttheycleanedtheirgardens

    thentheybling

    tohisisagoodworldweare

    gladthat

    atthatnt;theddleagescatoanendandanew

    worldbegan

    therenaissance
………………………………

第45节

    peopleonceredaredtobehappy

    justbecausetheyhey

    triedtosavethereinsofthe

    olderandreagreeablecivilisation

    ofroandgreeceandthey

    ents

    thattheyspokeofarenaissance

    orrebirthofcivilisation

    therenaissanent

    itind

    thenoftherenaissancentinuedtobetheobedient

    sonsofthetherchurchtheysofkingsand

    eerorsanddukesandrrednot

    buttheiroutlookuponlifeo

    clothestospeakadifferentlanguagetolive

    differentlivesindifferenthouses

    theynolongecentratedalltheirthoughtsandtheir

    effortsupontheblessedexistencethatainheaven

    theytriedtoestablishtheirparadiseuponthispla;and;

    truthtotell;theysucceededinarerkabledegree

    ihavequiteoftenthedangerthat

    liesinhistoritooliterallythey

    thinkoftheddleagesasaperiodofdarknessandignor

    ance‘‘click;saystheclock;andtherenaissancebeginsand

    citiesandpalacesarefloodedhthebrightsunlightofan

    eagerintellectualcuriosity

    asatteroffact;itisquiteiossibletodrah

    sharplinesthethirteenthostdecidedly

    totheddleagesallhistoriansagreeuponthatbutwas

    itatiofdarknessandstagnationrelybynoans

    peopleendouslyalivegreatstateswerebeing

    foundedlargeercewerebeingdeveloped

    highabovetheturrettedtohecastleandthepeaked

    roofofthetoheslenderspireofthene

    gothiccathedraleveryotionthe

    highandghtygentlenofthecityhall;e

    nsciousoftheirorengthbyheirrecently

    acquiredrichesorepohtheir

    feudalsterstheersoftheguildse

    aportantfactthat‘‘nuersuntwere

    fightingthehighandghtygentlenofthecityhallthe

    kingandhisshrefishinginthesetroubled

    anyashiningbassofprofithey

    proceededtookandeatbeforethenosesofthesurprisedand

    disappointeduncillorsandguildbrethren

    toenliventhesceneryduringthelonghoursofevening

    hebadlylightedstreetsdidnotinvitefurtherpolitical

    andenoinnesingerstold

    theirstoriesandsangtheirsongsofronceandadventure

    andheroisndloyaltytoallfairenanh;

    iatientoftheslootheuniversities;

    andtherebyhangsastory

    theddleagesindedthat

    soundsdifficult;butode

    peopleare‘‘nationallyndederien

    orfrenchnoritaliansandspeakenglishorfrench

    oritalianandgotoenglishandfrenchanditalianuniversities;

    unlesseparticularbranch

    ofleaingaughtelsehenwelea

    anotherlanguageandgotoniadridorsw

    butthepeopleofthethirteenthorfourteenthcenturyrarely

    talkedoftheelvesasenglishnorfrenchnoritalians

    theysaid;‘‘iacitizenofsheffieldorbordeauxorgenoa

    beechurchtheyfelt

    aenuld

    speaklatin;theypossessedaninteationallanguageh

    revedthestupidlanguagebarriershhavegrownup

    indeeuropeandallnationsatsuch

    anenorusdisadvantagejustasanexale;takethecase

    oferass;thegreatpreacheroftoleranceandlaughter;who

    ehisbooksinthesixteenthcenturyhehenative

    ofaslldutchvillageheeinlatinandalltheworld

    oday;heein

    dutillionpeopleo

    readhitobeunderstoodbytherestofeuropeandarica;

    hispublishersotranslatehisbooksinto

    toney

    andstlikelythepublishersakethetrouble

    ortherisk

    sixhundredyearsagothatuldnothappenthegreater

    partofthepeopleillveryignorantanduldnotread

    orasteredthedifficultart

    ofhandlingthegoosequillbelongedtoaninteationalrepublic

    oflettersheentirentinentandh

    kneitationsoflanguage

    oationalitytheuniversitieshestrongholdsof

    thisrepublicunlikedefortifications;theydidnotfollow

    thefrontiertheyobefoundeacher

    andafeselvestogetherthere

    againtheddleagesandtherenaissancedifferedfrour

    oenoyisbuilt;the

    proan

    ethingforthenityinhhelivesor

    aparticularreligioussectstobuildaschooltokeepits

    faithfulchildrenunderdecentsupervision;orastateneedsdoc

    torsandlaeacherstheuniversitybeginsasa

    largesufneyoney

    isthenusedtonstruitories

    finallyprofessionalteachersarehired;entranceexanations

    areheldandtheuniversityisontheway

    butintheddleagesthingsan

    saidtohielf;‘‘ihavedisveredagreattruthistiart

    kno

    ;

    likeadesoapboxoratorifheerestingspeaker;the

    croeandstayedifheheyshruggedtheirshoulders

    andntinuedtheirway

    byandbyenbegantoeregularlytohear

    theofthisgreatteachertheybroughtpybooks

    andalittlebottleofinkandagoosequilland

    edtobeiortantonedayitrained

    theteaptybasentor

    theroofthe‘‘professortheleaednsatinhischair

    andtheboyssatonthefloorthathebeginningofthe

    university;the‘‘universitas;arporationofprofessorsand

    studentsduringtheddleages;he‘‘teacherunted

    foreverythingandthebuildingi
………………………………

第46节

    naughtuntedfor

    verylittle

    asanexale;lettellyouofsothingthathappened

    intheninthcenturyinthetohere

    berofexcellentphysicianstheyattractedpeople

    desirousofleaingthediosta

    thousandyearsuntil1817thereyofsaleo

    ofhippocrates;thegreatgreekdoctor

    icedhisartinancienthellasinthefifth

    centurybeforethebirthofchrist

    thentherebrittany;

    hethcenturybegantolectureontheology

    andlogienflocked

    tothefrenotherpriestswhodisagreed

    steppedforoexplaintheirpointofviewparis

    ouringltitudeofenglishnand

    gesand
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