aroneeror;hoillheld
ingreatrespectthentheycrossedintoasia;killedallthe
sleedjerusalessacred
thehaedanpopulation;andrchedtotheholy
sepulidsttearsofpietyand
gratitudebutsoontheturksrengthenedbythearrival
offreshtroopsthentheyretookjerusalendintu
killedthefaithfulfollohecross
duringthenextturies;sevenothercrusadestook
placegraduallythecrusadersleaedthetechniqueofthe
tripthelandvoyageootediousandtoodangerous
theypreferredtocrossthealpsandgotogenoaorvenice
heytookshipfortheeastthegenoeseandtheveians
dethistransditerraneanpassengerserviceavery
profitablebusinesstheychargedexorbitantrates;andwhen
theoneyuldnot
paytheprice;theseitalian‘‘profiteerskindlyallo
to‘‘venice
toaountof
fightingfortheohisly
increasedherterritoryalongtheastoftheadriaticandin
greece;eaveianlony;andinthe
islandsofcyprusandcreteandrhodes
allthis;hotleinsettlingthequestion
oftheholylandafterthefirstenthusiasad
epartoftheliberal
educationofeveryan;andthere
neveresforserviceinpalestine
buttheoldzealhecrusaders;who
hadbeguntheirhdeephatredforthe
haedansandgreatloveforthechristianpeople
oftheeasteroneireandaia;suffered
apleteetodespisethe
greeksofbyzantiuandfrequentlybetrayed
theeniansandallthe
otherlevantineraces;andtheybegantoappreciatethevir
tuesoftheireneesobegenerousandfair
opponents
ofurse;itosaythisopenlybutwhen
thecrusaderretued
………………………………
第37节
ho;heitatethenners
hisheathenishfoe;pared
totheaverageeknightillagooddealofa
untrybukinhealsobroughtseveralnew
foodstuffs;suchaspeachesandspinachedinhis
gardenandgrehegaveupthebarbarous
custofourandappeared
intheflotonhetraditional
habitofthefolloheprophetandwereoriginallywo
bytheturksindeedthecrusades;hhadbegunasa
punitiveexpeditionagainsttheheathen;becaaurseof
generalinstruillionsofyoungeuropeans
frolitaryandpoliticalpointofviehecrusades
andanuerofcitiesaken
andlostadozenlittlekingdoablishedinsyria
andpalestineandasianor;buttheyonqueredby
theturksandaftertheyear1244beca
definitelyturkishthestatusoftheholylande
asithadbeenbefore1095
buteuropehadundergoneagreatchangethepeopleof
thepseofthelightandthesunshine
andthebeautyoftheeasttheirdrearycastlesno
longersatisfiedthetheyedabroaderlifeneither
theyfounditinthecities
thediaevalcity
iddleages
saidthat‘‘cityairisfreeair
theearlypartoftheddleageshadbeenaneraof
pioneeringandofsettlentanehusfar
hadlivedoutsidetheountainsand
rshesan
eire;hadforceditsotheplainsofe
europeandhadtakenpossessionofstofthelandthey
less;asallpioneershavebeensincethebeginningof
titheylikedtobe‘‘onthegotheycutdohe
forestsandtheycuteachothersthroatshequalenergy
feedtoliveincitiestheyinsisteduponbeing
‘‘free;theylovedtofeelthefreshairofthehillsidesfilltheir
lungsheydrovetheirherdsacrossthepastures
es;theypulled
upstakesandaures
theersandtheurageous
enenintothewildeess
survivedinthisheydevelopedastrongraceof
ntheycaredlittleforthegracesoflifetheyoo
busytoplaythefiddleorepiecesofpoetrytheyhad
littlelovefordisanofthe
villageandbeforetheddleofthethirteenthcentury;alayn
ewasregardedasa‘‘sissywas
supposedtosettleallquestionspractical
valueananchieftain;thefrankishbaron;
thenorthndukeoresandtitlesoccupied
theirshareoftheterritoryof
thegreatroneireandangtheruinsofpastglory;
theybuiltaghtily
andheynsideredquiteperfect
theynagedtheaffairsoftheircastleandthesurrounding
untrytothebestoftheirabilitytheyhful
tothendntsofthechurchasanyortaluld
hopetobetheyperor
tokeepongoodterhthosedistantbutalwaysdangerous
potentatesinshort;theytriedtodorightandtobe
fairtotheieighbourshoutbeingexactlyunfairtotheir
oerests
itselves
thegreaterpartofthepeople
handsuchapartofthesoiluponhey
livedastheablestheysharedtheir
fateparticularlyhappynorparticularly
unhappybutodothegoodlordwhoruled
theiddleageshadundoubtedlyorderedeverything
forthebestifhe;inhis;haddecidedthat
therestbebothknightsandserfs;itthedutyof
thesefaithfulsonsoftheent
theserfsthereforedidnotplainbutheyoo
harddriven;theytlefed
andstabledintherightethingily
doobettertheiditionbutiftheprogressofthe
aster;wewould
stillbelivingafterthefashionofthethcentury;saying
‘‘abracadabrariedtostopatoothache;andfeeling
adeepntetandhatredforthedentistohelp
usostlikelydan
orheathenishoriginandthereforebothkedanduseless
whenyougroanypeopledo
notbelievein‘‘progressandtheyoyoubythe
terribledeedsofsoofouroporariesthat‘‘the
changebutihopethatyoupay
chattentiontosuchtalkyousee;ittookourancestors
alstallionyearstoleahooheirhindlegs
otherallikegrunts
developedintoanunderstandablelanguageingtheart
ofpreservingourideasforthebenefitoffuturegenerations;
houtedonlyfour
thousandyearsagotheideaoftuingtheforcesofnature
intotheobedientservantsofnenehedaysof
yourosto;therefore;thatweare
kingprogressatanunheardofrateofspeedperhapswe
havepaidalittletooerephysicalforts
oflifethateandwe
shallthenattasrelatedtohealth
andtobingandchineryingeneral
butpleasedonotbetoosentintalaboutthe‘‘goodold
daysnypeoplehebeautifulchurchesand
thegreatiddleageshaveleftbehind
gropareouroion
ellsofbackfiring
tortruckshthecitiesofathousandyearsago
butthesediaevalchurcheswereinvariablysurroundedby
serablehovelsparedtoodetenenthouse
standsforthasaluxuriouspalaceitistruethatthenoble
lancelotandtheequallynobleparsifal;thepureyounghero
insearchoftheholygrail;botheredby
theodorofgasoline
………………………………
第38节
butthereellsofthebayard
varietyodorsofdecayingrefusehrown
intothestreetofpigstiessurroundingthebishopspalace
ofunedtheiratsandhats
froheirgrandfathersandheblessing
ofsoapidonottopainttoounpleasantapicture
butheancientchroniclesthatthekingof
france;lookingoutoftheedat
thestenchcausedbythepigsrootinginthestreetsofparis;
anuscriptreuntsafeic
oftheplagueorofsllpox;thenyoubegintounder
standthat‘‘progressissothingrethanacatchwordused
bydeadvertisingn
no;theprogressofthelastsixhundredyears
havebeenpossiblehouttheexistenceofcitiesishall;
therefore;havetokethisany
oftheothersitistooiortanttobereducedtothreeor
fourpages;devotedtorepoliticalevents
theancientandbabyloniaandassyria
hadbeenaiesgreecehadbeenauntryofcity
statesthehistoryofphoeniciahehistoryofties
aneirehe‘‘hinterland
ofasingletoy;architecture;
literature;thetheatrethelistisendlesshaveall
beenproductsofthecity
foralstfourthousandyearstheh
e
thegreatgrationstheroneireroyed
theea
landofpasturesandlittleagriculturalvillagesduringthe
darkagesthefieldsofcivilisationhadlainfallow
thecrusadeshadpreparedthesoilforane
efortheharvest;butthefruithe
burghersofthefreecities
ihavetoldyouthestoryofthecastlesandthenasteries;
esoftheknights
andthenks;ensbodiesandtheirsouls
youhaveseenhoisansbutchersandbakersandan
oakercatolivenearthecastle
totendtotheastersandtofindprotection
iisthefeudallordallohese
peopletosurroundtheirhouseshastockadebutthey
fortheirlivinguponthegoodhe
ghtyseigneurofthecastletheyknelt
beforehindkissedhishand
thencathecrusadesandnythingschangedthe
grationshaddrivenpeoplefrohenortheasttothe
thetheto
thehighlycivilisedregionsofthesoutheasttheydisvered
thattheboundedbythefourheirlittle
settlenttheyore
fortablehouses;neysteriousorient
aftertheirretutotheiroldhos;theyinsistedthatthey
besuppliedhthosearticlesthepeddlerhhispack
uponhisbaerchantofthedarkagesadded
thesegoodstohisoldrchandise;boughtacart;hiredafew
exagainstthecrih
follohisgreatinteationalforthtodo
businessuponaredeandlargerscalehiscareerwas
notaneasyoneeverytiheenteredthedoinsofanother
lordhehadtopaytollsandtaxesbutthebusiness
eandthepeddletinuedtoke
hisrounds
sooncertainenergeticrchantsdisveredthatthegoods
portedfrofaruldbedeat
hotheytuedpartoftheirhosintoa}
theyerchantsandbecanufacturersthey
soldtheirproductsnotonlytothelordofthecastleandtothe
abbotinhisnastery;buttheyexportedtheonearbytowns
thelordandtheabbotpaidthe;
eggsandhhoney;hoseearlydayswas
usedassugarbutthecitizensofdistanttownswereobliged
topayincashandthenufacturerandtherchantbeganto
otlepiecesofgold;irelychangedtheirposition
inthesoiddleages
itisdiffiagineaoney
inadecityonecannotpossibleliveoneyall
daylongyoualldisetalto
‘‘payyourhestreetcar;adollar
foradinner;threeany
peopleoftheearlyddleagesneversaeofined
neyfrohetitheyothedayoftheirdeath
thegoldandsilverofgreeceandrolayburiedbeneath
theruinsoftheircitiestheigrations;h
hadsucceededtheeire;uralworldevery
farrraisedenoughgrainandenoughsheepandenough
wsforhisownuse
thediaevalknightrysquireandwasrarely
foraterialsinneyhisestatesproduced
everythingthatheandhisfalyateanddrankandworeon
theirbacksthebricksforhishouseadealongthe
banksofthenearestriverheraftersofthehall
thebaronialforestthefeiclesthathadto
efrobroadwerepaidforingoodsinhoneyineggs
infagots
butthecrusadesupsettheroutineoftheoldagricultural
lifeinaverydrasti
usttravelthousands
oflesandhestpayhispassageandhishotelbills
athoheuldpaybuthe
uldnotakeahundreddozeneggsandacartloadof
hatosatisfythegreedoftheshippingagentof
venien
insisteduponcashhislordshipthereforewasobliged
totakeasllquantityofgolduponhisvoyage
hisgoldheuldborrothe
loards;thedescendantsoftheoldlongobards;whohad
tuedprofessionalneylenders;edbehindtheir
exchangetablenlyknooorbankwere
gladtolethisgracehaveafeesinexchange
forartgageuponhisestates;thattheyghtberepaid
incasehislordshipshoulddieatthehandsoftheturks
thatheborroheend;
theloardsinvariablyoheestatesandtheknight
beanto
arepoore
………………………………
第39节
carefulneighbour
hisgraceuldalsogotothatpartofthetohe
jeoneyata
rateoffiftyorsixtypercentinterestthat;too;wasbad
businessbuteofthepeopleofthe
littlecityoney
theyhadknoheyounglordallhislifehisfatherand
theirfathershadbeengoodfriendstheybe
unreasonableintheirdendsverywellhislordships
clerk;
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