《人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)》

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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)- 第12部分


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    aroneeror;hoillheld

    ingreatrespectthentheycrossedintoasia;killedallthe

    sleedjerusalessacred

    thehaedanpopulation;andrchedtotheholy

    sepulidsttearsofpietyand

    gratitudebutsoontheturksrengthenedbythearrival

    offreshtroopsthentheyretookjerusalendintu

    killedthefaithfulfollohecross

    duringthenextturies;sevenothercrusadestook

    placegraduallythecrusadersleaedthetechniqueofthe

    tripthelandvoyageootediousandtoodangerous

    theypreferredtocrossthealpsandgotogenoaorvenice

    heytookshipfortheeastthegenoeseandtheveians

    dethistransditerraneanpassengerserviceavery

    profitablebusinesstheychargedexorbitantrates;andwhen

    theoneyuldnot

    paytheprice;theseitalian‘‘profiteerskindlyallo

    to‘‘venice

    toaountof

    fightingfortheohisly

    increasedherterritoryalongtheastoftheadriaticandin

    greece;eaveianlony;andinthe

    islandsofcyprusandcreteandrhodes

    allthis;hotleinsettlingthequestion

    oftheholylandafterthefirstenthusiasad

    epartoftheliberal

    educationofeveryan;andthere

    neveresforserviceinpalestine

    buttheoldzealhecrusaders;who

    hadbeguntheirhdeephatredforthe

    haedansandgreatloveforthechristianpeople

    oftheeasteroneireandaia;suffered

    apleteetodespisethe

    greeksofbyzantiuandfrequentlybetrayed

    theeniansandallthe

    otherlevantineraces;andtheybegantoappreciatethevir

    tuesoftheireneesobegenerousandfair

    opponents

    ofurse;itosaythisopenlybutwhen

    thecrusaderretued
………………………………

第37节

    ho;heitatethenners

    hisheathenishfoe;pared

    totheaverageeknightillagooddealofa

    untrybukinhealsobroughtseveralnew

    foodstuffs;suchaspeachesandspinachedinhis

    gardenandgrehegaveupthebarbarous

    custofourandappeared

    intheflotonhetraditional

    habitofthefolloheprophetandwereoriginallywo

    bytheturksindeedthecrusades;hhadbegunasa

    punitiveexpeditionagainsttheheathen;becaaurseof

    generalinstruillionsofyoungeuropeans

    frolitaryandpoliticalpointofviehecrusades

    andanuerofcitiesaken

    andlostadozenlittlekingdoablishedinsyria

    andpalestineandasianor;buttheyonqueredby

    theturksandaftertheyear1244beca

    definitelyturkishthestatusoftheholylande

    asithadbeenbefore1095

    buteuropehadundergoneagreatchangethepeopleof

    thepseofthelightandthesunshine

    andthebeautyoftheeasttheirdrearycastlesno

    longersatisfiedthetheyedabroaderlifeneither

    theyfounditinthecities

    thediaevalcity

    iddleages

    saidthat‘‘cityairisfreeair

    theearlypartoftheddleageshadbeenaneraof

    pioneeringandofsettlentanehusfar

    hadlivedoutsidetheountainsand

    rshesan

    eire;hadforceditsotheplainsofe

    europeandhadtakenpossessionofstofthelandthey

    less;asallpioneershavebeensincethebeginningof

    titheylikedtobe‘‘onthegotheycutdohe

    forestsandtheycuteachothersthroatshequalenergy

    feedtoliveincitiestheyinsisteduponbeing

    ‘‘free;theylovedtofeelthefreshairofthehillsidesfilltheir

    lungsheydrovetheirherdsacrossthepastures

    es;theypulled

    upstakesandaures

    theersandtheurageous

    enenintothewildeess

    survivedinthisheydevelopedastrongraceof

    ntheycaredlittleforthegracesoflifetheyoo

    busytoplaythefiddleorepiecesofpoetrytheyhad

    littlelovefordisanofthe

    villageandbeforetheddleofthethirteenthcentury;alayn

    ewasregardedasa‘‘sissywas

    supposedtosettleallquestionspractical

    valueananchieftain;thefrankishbaron;

    thenorthndukeoresandtitlesoccupied

    theirshareoftheterritoryof

    thegreatroneireandangtheruinsofpastglory;

    theybuiltaghtily

    andheynsideredquiteperfect

    theynagedtheaffairsoftheircastleandthesurrounding

    untrytothebestoftheirabilitytheyhful

    tothendntsofthechurchasanyortaluld

    hopetobetheyperor

    tokeepongoodterhthosedistantbutalwaysdangerous

    potentatesinshort;theytriedtodorightandtobe

    fairtotheieighbourshoutbeingexactlyunfairtotheir

    oerests

    itselves

    thegreaterpartofthepeople

    handsuchapartofthesoiluponhey

    livedastheablestheysharedtheir

    fateparticularlyhappynorparticularly

    unhappybutodothegoodlordwhoruled

    theiddleageshadundoubtedlyorderedeverything

    forthebestifhe;inhis;haddecidedthat

    therestbebothknightsandserfs;itthedutyof

    thesefaithfulsonsoftheent

    theserfsthereforedidnotplainbutheyoo

    harddriven;theytlefed

    andstabledintherightethingily

    doobettertheiditionbutiftheprogressofthe

    aster;wewould

    stillbelivingafterthefashionofthethcentury;saying

    ‘‘abracadabrariedtostopatoothache;andfeeling

    adeepntetandhatredforthedentistohelp

    usostlikelydan

    orheathenishoriginandthereforebothkedanduseless

    whenyougroanypeopledo

    notbelievein‘‘progressandtheyoyoubythe

    terribledeedsofsoofouroporariesthat‘‘the

    changebutihopethatyoupay

    chattentiontosuchtalkyousee;ittookourancestors

    alstallionyearstoleahooheirhindlegs

    otherallikegrunts

    developedintoanunderstandablelanguageingtheart

    ofpreservingourideasforthebenefitoffuturegenerations;

    houtedonlyfour

    thousandyearsagotheideaoftuingtheforcesofnature

    intotheobedientservantsofnenehedaysof

    yourosto;therefore;thatweare

    kingprogressatanunheardofrateofspeedperhapswe

    havepaidalittletooerephysicalforts

    oflifethateandwe

    shallthenattasrelatedtohealth

    andtobingandchineryingeneral

    butpleasedonotbetoosentintalaboutthe‘‘goodold

    daysnypeoplehebeautifulchurchesand

    thegreatiddleageshaveleftbehind

    gropareouroion

    ellsofbackfiring

    tortruckshthecitiesofathousandyearsago

    butthesediaevalchurcheswereinvariablysurroundedby

    serablehovelsparedtoodetenenthouse

    standsforthasaluxuriouspalaceitistruethatthenoble

    lancelotandtheequallynobleparsifal;thepureyounghero

    insearchoftheholygrail;botheredby

    theodorofgasoline
………………………………

第38节

    butthereellsofthebayard

    varietyodorsofdecayingrefusehrown

    intothestreetofpigstiessurroundingthebishopspalace

    ofunedtheiratsandhats

    froheirgrandfathersandheblessing

    ofsoapidonottopainttoounpleasantapicture

    butheancientchroniclesthatthekingof

    france;lookingoutoftheedat

    thestenchcausedbythepigsrootinginthestreetsofparis;

    anuscriptreuntsafeic

    oftheplagueorofsllpox;thenyoubegintounder

    standthat‘‘progressissothingrethanacatchwordused

    bydeadvertisingn

    no;theprogressofthelastsixhundredyears

    havebeenpossiblehouttheexistenceofcitiesishall;

    therefore;havetokethisany

    oftheothersitistooiortanttobereducedtothreeor

    fourpages;devotedtorepoliticalevents

    theancientandbabyloniaandassyria

    hadbeenaiesgreecehadbeenauntryofcity

    statesthehistoryofphoeniciahehistoryofties

    aneirehe‘‘hinterland

    ofasingletoy;architecture;

    literature;thetheatrethelistisendlesshaveall

    beenproductsofthecity

    foralstfourthousandyearstheh

    e

    thegreatgrationstheroneireroyed

    theea

    landofpasturesandlittleagriculturalvillagesduringthe

    darkagesthefieldsofcivilisationhadlainfallow

    thecrusadeshadpreparedthesoilforane

    efortheharvest;butthefruithe

    burghersofthefreecities

    ihavetoldyouthestoryofthecastlesandthenasteries;

    esoftheknights

    andthenks;ensbodiesandtheirsouls

    youhaveseenhoisansbutchersandbakersandan

    oakercatolivenearthecastle

    totendtotheastersandtofindprotection

    iisthefeudallordallohese

    peopletosurroundtheirhouseshastockadebutthey

    fortheirlivinguponthegoodhe

    ghtyseigneurofthecastletheyknelt

    beforehindkissedhishand

    thencathecrusadesandnythingschangedthe

    grationshaddrivenpeoplefrohenortheasttothe

    thetheto

    thehighlycivilisedregionsofthesoutheasttheydisvered

    thattheboundedbythefourheirlittle

    settlenttheyore

    fortablehouses;neysteriousorient

    aftertheirretutotheiroldhos;theyinsistedthatthey

    besuppliedhthosearticlesthepeddlerhhispack

    uponhisbaerchantofthedarkagesadded

    thesegoodstohisoldrchandise;boughtacart;hiredafew

    exagainstthecrih

    follohisgreatinteationalforthtodo

    businessuponaredeandlargerscalehiscareerwas

    notaneasyoneeverytiheenteredthedoinsofanother

    lordhehadtopaytollsandtaxesbutthebusiness

    eandthepeddletinuedtoke

    hisrounds

    sooncertainenergeticrchantsdisveredthatthegoods

    portedfrofaruldbedeat

    hotheytuedpartoftheirhosintoa}

    theyerchantsandbecanufacturersthey

    soldtheirproductsnotonlytothelordofthecastleandtothe

    abbotinhisnastery;buttheyexportedtheonearbytowns

    thelordandtheabbotpaidthe;

    eggsandhhoney;hoseearlydayswas

    usedassugarbutthecitizensofdistanttownswereobliged

    topayincashandthenufacturerandtherchantbeganto

    otlepiecesofgold;irelychangedtheirposition

    inthesoiddleages

    itisdiffiagineaoney

    inadecityonecannotpossibleliveoneyall

    daylongyoualldisetalto

    ‘‘payyourhestreetcar;adollar

    foradinner;threeany

    peopleoftheearlyddleagesneversaeofined

    neyfrohetitheyothedayoftheirdeath

    thegoldandsilverofgreeceandrolayburiedbeneath

    theruinsoftheircitiestheigrations;h

    hadsucceededtheeire;uralworldevery

    farrraisedenoughgrainandenoughsheepandenough

    wsforhisownuse

    thediaevalknightrysquireandwasrarely

    foraterialsinneyhisestatesproduced

    everythingthatheandhisfalyateanddrankandworeon

    theirbacksthebricksforhishouseadealongthe

    banksofthenearestriverheraftersofthehall

    thebaronialforestthefeiclesthathadto

    efrobroadwerepaidforingoodsinhoneyineggs

    infagots

    butthecrusadesupsettheroutineoftheoldagricultural

    lifeinaverydrasti

    usttravelthousands

    oflesandhestpayhispassageandhishotelbills

    athoheuldpaybuthe

    uldnotakeahundreddozeneggsandacartloadof

    hatosatisfythegreedoftheshippingagentof

    venien

    insisteduponcashhislordshipthereforewasobliged

    totakeasllquantityofgolduponhisvoyage

    hisgoldheuldborrothe

    loards;thedescendantsoftheoldlongobards;whohad

    tuedprofessionalneylenders;edbehindtheir

    exchangetablenlyknooorbankwere

    gladtolethisgracehaveafeesinexchange

    forartgageuponhisestates;thattheyghtberepaid

    incasehislordshipshoulddieatthehandsoftheturks

    thatheborroheend;

    theloardsinvariablyoheestatesandtheknight

    beanto

    arepoore
………………………………

第39节

    carefulneighbour

    hisgraceuldalsogotothatpartofthetohe

    jeoneyata

    rateoffiftyorsixtypercentinterestthat;too;wasbad

    businessbuteofthepeopleofthe

    littlecityoney

    theyhadknoheyounglordallhislifehisfatherand

    theirfathershadbeengoodfriendstheybe

    unreasonableintheirdendsverywellhislordships

    clerk;
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