havepreferredtheforrforhehasnagedtosurvivethe
terribleglacialperiodsoccasions
threatenedtokilleveryhunbeingonthefaceoftheearth
inthefirstplaself
lesthefreezetodeathheleaedhoodigholesandver
thebranchesandleavesandinthesetrapshecaught
bearsandhyenas；henkilledhheavystonesand
selfandhisfaly
nextthispleny
anilsannow
follople；drovetheanilsoutoftheir
hosandclaidtheorhisown
evenso；thecliteostpeopleand
theoldandtheyoungdiedataterribleratethenagenius
bethoughthielfoftheuseoffireonce；hunting；
hehadbeeneeredthathe
hadbeenalstroastedtodeathbytheflasthusfarfire
hadbeenanenenoeafriendadeadtree
eansofsuldering
branchesfrobuinguedthecaveinto
azylittleroo
andthenoneeveningadeadchickenfellintothefireit
andisvered
thatattastedbetterhenandthere
discardedoneoftheoldhabitshthe
otheranilsandbegantopreparehisfood
inthishousandsofyearspassedonlythepeople
hthecleverestbrainssurvivedtheyhadtostruggleday
andnightagainstldandhungertheyoinvent
toolstheyleaedhoosharpenstonesintoaxesandhow
tokehaerstheyoputuplargestores
offoodfortheendlessdaysoftheerandtheyfoundthat
clayuldbedeintobohe
raysofthesunandsotheglacialperiod；hreatened
todestroythehunrace；becaitsgreatestteacher
beantousehisbrain
hieroglyphics
theegyptiansinventtheartof
ingandthererdof
historybegins
theseearliestancestorsofourshegreat
europeanwilde
………………………………
第6节
essanynehings
itissafetosaythatindueurseoftitheywouldhave
givenupthewaysofsavagesandwouldhavedevelopeda
civilisationoftheiroeanendto
theirisolationtheyovered
atravellerfronunknohlando
ountainpasseshadfoundhisway
totheefrobr 》
africahisho
thevalleyofthenilehaddevelopedahighstageofcivilisation
thousandsofyearsbeforethepeopleofthehad
dreadofthepossibilitiesofaforkorawheelorahouse
andhereforeleaveourgreatgreatgrandfathersin
theircaves；thesoutheandeasteshoresof
thediterranean；oodtheearliestschoolofthe
hunrace
theegyptianshavetaughtusnythingstheywere
excellentfarrstheykneirrigationtheybuilt
teleserhegreeksandh
servedastheearliestdelsforthechurchesinhweworship
noedacalendarhproved
sueasuringti
thatithassurvivedost
iortantofall；theegyptianshadleaedhoopreserve
speechforthebenefitoffuturegenerationstheyhadinvented
theartofing
edtoneagazines
thatakeitforgrantedthattheworldhasalwaysbeen
abletoreadandatteroffact；ost
iortantofallinventions；isquitenehoutten
docuntssanddogs；each
theirkittensandtheirpuppiesafeplethingsandwho；
becausetheycannote；possessnoheycan
keuseoftheexperienceofthosegenerationsofcatsand
dogsthathavegonebefore
inthefirste
toegypt；theyfoundthevalleyfullofstrangelittlepictures
edtohavesothingtodohthehistory
oftheuntrybuttheronsinterestedin‘‘anything
foreignanddidnotinquireintotheoriginofthesequeer
figuresplesandthewallsof
thepalaadeoutofthe
papyrusreedthelastoftheegyptianpriestswhohad
understoodtheholyartofkingsuchpictureshaddiedseveral
yearsbeforeegyptdeprivedofitsindependencehad
beeastorehousefilledportanthistorients
hlyuse
toeitheorbeast
seventeencenturiesainedaland
ofsterybutintheyear1798afrenchgeneralbythe
naofbonapartehappenedtovisiteasteafricatoprepare
foranattackuponthebritishindianlonieshedid
notgetbeyondthenile；andhiscaaign；
quiteaccidentally；thefausfrenchexpeditionsolvedthe
probleftheancientegyptianpicturelanguage
onedayayoungfrenuchboredbythedreary
lifeofhislittlefortressontherosettariverauthofthe
niledeagingang
theruinsoftheniledeltaandbeholdhefoundastone
likeeverythingelseinegypt
ithlittlefiguresbutthisparticularslabof
blackbasaltanythingthathadeverbeen
disvereditcarriedthreeinscriptionsoneofthesewas
ingreekthegreeklanguagehatis
necessary；sohereasoned；‘‘istoparethegreektexth
theegyptianfigures；andtheyoncetelltheirsecrets
theplansoundedsileenoughbutittookrethan
tyyearstosolvetheriddleintheyear1802afrench
professorbythenaofchaollionbegantoparethe
greekandtheegyptiantextsofthefausrosettastonein
theyear1823heannouncedthathehaddisveredtheaning
offourteenlittlefiguresashorttilaterhediedfrobr 》
overainprinciplesofegyptianinghad
beeknohestoryofthevalleyofthenileis
betterknoississippiriver
enrerdhousandyears
ofchronicledhistory
astheancientegyptianhieroglyphicstheeans
‘‘sacredinghaveplayedsuchaverygreatrolein
history；afeindifiedforaveevenfoundtheir
ething
abouttheingenioussystecenturiesago
topreservethespokening
generations
ofurse；youknoasignlanguageisevery
indianstoryofoureplainshasachapterdevotedto
strangessagesoflittlepicturesh
tellhoanybuffaloesanyhunters
thereainpartyasaruleitisnotdifficultto
understandtheaningofsuchssages
ancientegyptian；hoasignlanguagethe
cleverpeopleofthenilehadpassedbeyondthatstagelong
beforetheirpicturesantagreatdealrethantheobject
heyrepresented；asishalltrytoexplaintoyounow
supposethatyoupollion；andthatyouwere
exaningastackofpapyrussheets；allveredhhieroglyphics
suddenlyyouanh
asaeansofursethat
afarrouttocutdoreethenyoutakeanother
papyrusittellsthestoryofaqueentheage
ofeightytidstofasentenceappearsthepicture
ofthenhthesaythandle
saustansothingelsebut
thatistheriddleanfinallysolved
hedisveredthattheegyptianshefirsttouse
ofcharactersh
reproducethe‘‘soundorphoneofthespokenwordand
akeitpossibleforustotranslateallourspokenwords
intoa；hthehelpofonlyafesanddashes
andpothooks
letusretuforanttothelittlefellohthesaw
theeansacertaintoolhyouwillfind
inaeansthepasttenseoftheverb
‘‘tosee
thisishadhappenedtotheheurse
ofeantonlytheparticulartool
eaninghadbeenlostandit
………………………………
第7节
hadbeethepastparticipleofaverbafterseveralhundred
years；theegyptianslostsightofboththeseaningsand
thepicture｛illust｝catostandforasingleletter；the
lettersashortsentenceeanhere
isadeenglishsentenceasittenin
hieroglyphics｛illust｝
the｛illust｝eitheransoneofthesets
inyourhead；eans‘‘i；theperson
alking
a｛illust｝iseitheraninsecthershoney；orit
representstheverb‘‘tobeeanstoexistagain；it
ybethefirstpartofaverblike‘‘beeor‘‘behave
inthisparticularinstanceitisfollo｝h
ansa‘‘leafor‘‘leaveor‘‘lievethesoundofallthree
e
the‘‘eyeyoukno
finallyyougetthepictureofa｛illust｝itisagiraffe
itispartoftheoldsignlanguageoutofhehieroglyphics
developed
youcannouchdifficulty
‘‘ibelieveisawagiraffe
havinginventedthissysteheegyptiansdevelopedit
duringthousandsofyearsuntiltheyuldeanythingthey
essages
tofriends；tokeepbusinessacuntsandtokeeparerdofthe
historyoftheiruntry；thatfuturegenerationsghtbenefit
bythestakesofthepast
thenilevalley
thebeginningofcivilisationinthe
valleyofthenile
thehistoryofnisthererdofahungrycreaturein
searchoffoodwhereverfoodanhas
travelledtokehisho
thefaofthevalleyofthenilesthavespreadat
anearlydatefroheinteriorofafricaandfrohedesert
ofarabiaandfroheepartofasiapeoplehad
flotheirshareoftherichfar
togethertheseinvadershadfordaneehcalled
itself‘‘reor‘‘thenjustasetiscallarica
‘‘godsorytheyhadgoodreasontobegrateful
toafatetothisnarroripofland
inthesuerofeachyeartheniletuedthevalleyintoa
shalloheersrecededallthegrainfields
andthepasturesost
fertileclay
inegyptakindlyriverdidtheillionnand
deitpossibletofeedtheteengpopulationofthefirst
largecitiesofistruethatall
thearablelandplicated
systefsllcanalsand
theriverleveltothetopofthehighestbanksandaneven
reintricatesystefirrigationtrenchesspreaditthroughout
theland
anoftheprehistoricagehadbeenobligedtospend
sixteenhoursoutofeverytself
andtheersofhistribe；theegyptianpeasantorthe
inhabitantoftheegyptianselfpossessedofa
selfny
thingsthaterelyoantalandnotintheleastbit
useful
rethanthatonedayhedisveredthathisbrainwas
capableofthinkingallkindsofthoughtshing
todosofeatingandsleepingandfindinga
hoforthechildrentheegyptianbegantospeculateupon
nystrangeproblethatnfrontedhihe
starsefrodethenoiseofthethunderh
frightenedhioterriblyadetheriveilerise
hsuchregularitythatitobasethecalendar
upontheappearanceandthedisappearanceoftheannual
floodsrangelittlecreaturesurrounded
onallsidesbydeathandsicknessandyethappyand
fulloflaughter
heaskedthesenyquestionsandcertainpeopleobligingly
steppedforoansheseinquiriestothebestof
theirabilitytheegyptianscalledthe‘priestsandthey
becatheguardiansofhisthoughtsandgainedgreatrespect
inthenitytheyenwhowere
entrustedhthesacredtaskofkeepingthetenrerds
theyunderstoodthatitisnotgoodfotothinkonlyof
hisiediateadvantageinthisheydretention
tothedaysofthefutureell
beyondtheuntainsoftheustgiveanacunt
ofhisdeedstoosiris；theghtygodherulerof
thelivingandthedeadanden
aeritsindeed；thepriestsdesoch
ofthatfuturedayintherealfisisandosiristhatthe
egyptiansbegantoregardliferelyasashortpreparation
forthehereafterandtuedtheteengvalleyofthenile
intoalanddevotedtothedead
inastrangeetobelievethat
nosoululdentertherealfosirishoutthepossession
ofthebodysplaceofresidenceinthisworld
thereforeassoonasanivestookhis
rpseandhaditealdforwassoakedina
solutionofnatronandthenithpitchthe
persianiaiandtheealdbody
itwaswrappedinyardsandyards
ofspeciallypreparedlinenanditedinaspecially
preparedffinreadytoberevedtoitsfinalhobut
anegyptiangraveehebodywassurrounded
bypieusicalinstruntsto
hedrearyhoursofingandbylittlestatues
ofoksandbakersandbarbersthattheoccupantofthis
darkhoghtbedecentlyprovidedhfoodandneednot
goaboutunshaven
originallythesegraveshadbeendugintotherocksofthe
ountainsbutastheegyptiansvednorthward
theyeteriesinthedesertthe
deserthoalsandequallywildrobbers
andtheybrokeintothegravesanddisturbedtheyor
stolethejehathadbeenburiedhthebodytoprevent
suall
undsofstonesontopofthegravestheselittleunds
graduallygreherichpeoplebuilthigher
undsthanthepoorandtherepetition
toseeakethehighesthillofstonesthe
rerdadebykingkhufu；thegreekscalled
cheopsandhirtycenturiesbeforeourerahis
und；idbecausethe
egyptianuswasoverfivehundred
feethig
…………
小提示：按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目，按 ← 键 返回上一页， 按 → 键 进入下一页。
赞一下
添加书签加入书架