theronshadcalledgeiathoseinhospitableregions
hadneverbeenpartoftheoldeireaugustushad
triedtonquerthis‘‘fareast;buthislegionshadbeen
annihilatedintheteutoburgheyear9andthepeoplehad
neverbeeninfluencedbythehigherroncivilisationthey
spokethepopulargeictonguetheteutonwordfor
‘‘peopleissionariestherefore
calledthegelanguagethe‘‘linguatheotiscaorthe
‘‘linguateutisca;the‘‘populardialectandthisword
‘‘teutiscae
‘‘deutschland
asforthefausierialcroverysoonslipped
offtheheadsofthecarolingiansuccessorsandrolledbackonto
theitalianplain;easortofplaythingofa
nueroflittlepotentateseachother
adstchbloodshedandission
ofthepopeuntilitereaitious
neighbourthepope;onceresorelybesetbyhis
enees;sentnorthforhelphedidnotappealtotheruler
ofthe;thistihisssengers
selvestootto;asaxon
princehegreatestchieftainofthe
differentgeictribes
otto;ionfortheblueskies
andthegayandbeautifulpeopleoftheitalianpeninsula;
hastenedtotherescueinretuforhisservices;thepope;
leoviii;deotto‘‘eeror;andtheeastehalfof
hknohe‘‘holy
roneireofthegenation
thisstrangepolitianagedtolivetotheripe
oldageofeighthundredandthirtynineyearsintheyear
1801;duringthepresidenasjefferson;itwas
stuncereniouslyrelegatedtothehistoricalscrapheap
thebrutalfelloaniceirewas
thesonofarsicannotarypublicadeabrilliant
careerintheserviceofthefrenchrepublichewasruler
ofeuropebythegraousguardregints;but
hedesiredtobesothingrehesenttoroforthe
popeandthepopecaandstoodbywhilegeneralnapoleon
placedtheierialcroed
hielfheirtothetraditionofcharlegneforhistoryis
likelifetherethingsain
thesa
thenorsen
hepeopleofthetenthcentury
prayedthelordtoprotectthebr 》
frohefuryofthenorsen
inthethirdandfourthcenturies;thegeictribesof
pire
thattheyghtplunderroandliveonthefatofthe
landintheeighthans
tobethe‘‘plunderedonestheydidnotlikethisatall;even
iftheireneesen;who
livedindenrkandswedenandnorway
forcedthesehardysailorstotupirate
knooncetheyhaddisveredtheadvantagesandpleasures
ofabuccaneeringcareerthereop
thetheyenduponapeacefulfrankish
orfrisianvillage;situatedontheuthofariverthey
enandstealalltheenthenthey
heirfastsailingshipsandhesoldiers
ofthekingoreerorarriveduponthescene;therobbers
ainedbutafeouldering
ruins
duringthedaysofdisorderhedeathof
endevelopedgreatactivitytheir
fleetsderaidsuponeveryuntryandtheirsailorsestablished
sllindependentkingdoalongtheastofholland
andfranceandenglandandgey;andtheyevenfound
theirenelligent
theysoonleaedtospeakthelanguageoftheirsubjectsand
gaveuptheuncivilisedheearlyvikingsorsea
kingsuresquebutalsoveryunwashed
andterriblycruel
earlyinthetenthcenturyavikingbythenaofrollo
hadrepeatedlyattackedtheastoffrancethekingof
france;toooresistthesenortherobbers;triedto
bribethento‘‘beinggoodheofferedtheheprovince
ofnody;iftheyisetostopbotheringtherest
ofhisdoinsrolloacceptedthisbargainandbeca‘‘duke
ofnody
butthepassionofnquestronginthebloodofhis
childrenacrossthechannel;onlyafethe
europeaninland;theyuldseetheecliffsandthe
greenfieldsofenglandpoorenglandhadpassedthrough
difficultdaysfortan
lonyaftertheronsleft;ithadbeennqueredbythe
anglesandthesaxons;tantribesfrochleswig
nextthedaneshadtakenthegreaterpartoftheuntry
andhadestablishedthekingdofutthedaneshad
beendrivenaheeleventhcentury
anothersaxonking;edhenfessor;he
thronebutedexpectedtolivelongandhe
hadnobitious
dukesofnody
in1066eddiatelyofnody
crossedthechannel;defeatedandkilledharoldof
hecrothebattleofhastings;
andproclaidhielfkingofengland
inanotherchapterihavetoldyouhoheyear800a
geperoowin
theyear1066thegrandsonofanorsepirateognised
askingofengland
ruth
ofhistoryissochreinterestingandentertaining
feudalisbr 》
ho
threesides;becaanardca
andwhyeuropewouldhaveperished
houtthoseprofessional
soldiersandadnistratorswho
thefollohen;isthestateofeuropeintheyearone
thousand;ostpeopleed
theprophecyforetellingtheapproachingendofthe
onasteries;thatthedayofjudgent
ghtfindthengagedupondevoutduties
atanunknoanictribeshadlefttheirold
hoinasiaandhadvedoeuropeby
sheerpressureofnuerstheyhadforcedtheirothe
roneiretheyhaddestroyedthegre
………………………………
第33节
atpire;
buttheeastepart;beingofftheinrouteofthe
greatgrations;hadnagedtosurviveandfeeblyntinued
thetraditionsofrosancientglory
duringthedaysofdisorderhetrue
‘‘darkagesofhistory;thesixthandseventhcenturiesofour
era;thegetribeshadbeenpersuadedtoacceptthe
e
asthepopeorspiritualheadoftheheninthcentury;
theorganisinggeniusofcharlegnehadrevivedthe
roneireandhadunitedthegreaterpartofe
europeintoasinglestateduringthetenthcenturythis
eirehadgoopiecestheea
separatekingdofrancetheeastehalfhe
holyroneireofthegenation;andtherulersof
thisfederationofstatesthenpretendedthattheyhe
directheirsofcaesarandaugustus
unfortunatelythepohekingsoffrancedidnot
stretoatoftheirroyalresidence;he
holyroneerorwasopenlydefiedbyhispowerful
subjectssuitedtheirfancyortheirprofit
toinassesofthepeople;the
triangleofeeuropelookatpage128;pleasewasforever
exposedtoattacksfrohreesidesonthesouthlivedthe
everdangeroushaedanstheeastwasravaged
bythenorthntheeastefrontierdefencelessexcept
fortheshortstretountains
thercyofhordesofhuns;hungarians;slavsandtartars
thepeaeotepast;adreabr 》
ofthe‘‘goodolddaysthatwasa
questionof‘‘fightordie;andquitenaturallypeoplepreferred
tofightforeanard
caandthereandforstrongleadershipboth
kingandeerorenand
stofeuropeintheyear1000usthelp
theelvestheyittedtotherepresentatives
ofthekinginistertheoutlyingdistricts;
providedtheyuldprotectthegainsttheirenees
sooncentraleuropeallprincipalities;
eachoneruledbyadukeorauntorabaronorabishop;as
thecaseghtbe;andorganisedasafightingunitthese
dukesanduntsandbaronshadsobefaithfultothe
kingtheir‘‘feuduenceourword
‘‘feudal;inretufortheirloyalservicesandacertain
auntoftaxesbuttravelinthosedayshe
ansofnicationheroyal
orierialadnistratorsthereforeenjoyedgreatindependence;
andhintheboundariesoftheirohey
assudstoftherightsruthbelongedtotheking
butyouakeastakeifyousupposedthatthe
peopleoftheeleventhof
goventtheysupportedfeudalisecauseitwasavery
praaster
usuallylivedinabigstonehouseerectedonthetopofasteep
rockorbuiltbetoats;buthinsightofhis
subjectsincaseofdangerthesubjectsfoundshelterbehind
thehebaronialstrongholdthatisheytried
toliveasnearthecastleaspossibleanditacuntsforthe
nyeuropeancitiesheircareeraroundafeudal
fortress
buttheknightoftheearlyddleagesuchre
thanaprofessionalsoldierhehecivilservantofthat
dayhenityandhehe
chiefofpolicehecaughtthehighenandprotected
theerchantsoftheeleventh
centuryhelookedafterthedikessothattheuntryside
shouldnotbefloodedjustasthefirstnoblenhaddone
inthevalleyofthenilefourthousandyearsbeforehe
enuragedthetroubadoursplacetoplace
tellingthestoriesoftheancientheroesinthe
greatigrationsbesides;heprotectedthechurches
andthenasterieshinhisterritory;andalthoughheuld
neitherreadnoranlytoknow
suberofpriestshis
acuntsandarriagesandthebirthsand
thedeathsains
inthefifteenthorebecastrong
enoughtoexercisethosepobecause
theyedofgodthenthefeudalknightslost
theirforrindependencereducedtotherankofuntry
squires;theynolongerfilledaneedandsoontheybecaa
nuisancebuteuropehoutthe‘‘feudal
systefthedarkagesthereanybadknights
astherearenybadpeopletodaybutgenerallyspeaking;
theroughfistedbaronsofthethandthirteenthcentury
inistratorsostuseful
servicetothecauseofprogressduringthaterathenoble
torchofleaingandartinatedtheworldof
theegyptiansandthegreeksandtheronswasbuing
verylohouttheknightsandtheirgoodfriends;the
nks;civilisationinguishedentirely;and
thehunraceore
anhadleftoff
chivalry
chivalry
itenof
theddleagesshouldtrytoestablishsosortoforganisation
fortheirtualbenefitandprotectionoutofthisneed
forcloseorganisation;knighthoodorchivalrywasbo
leabouttheoriginsofknighthoodbut
asthesysteeveloped;itgavetheething
neededverybadlyadefiniteruleofnductened
thebarbarousadeliferelivable
thanithadbeenduringthefivehundredyearsofthedark
agesiten
ostoftheirtifightinghaedans
andhunsandnorsenoftentheyyofbacksliding;
andhavingvoercyand
charityintheing;theyurderalltheirprisoners
beforeeveningbutprogressisevertheresultofslowand
ostunscrupulousofknights
oobeytherulesofhis‘‘classorsufferthensequences
theserulesinthevariouspartsofeurope;
buttheyalldechof‘‘serviceand‘‘loyaltytodutythe
ddleagesregardedserviceassothingverynoblea
………………………………
第34节
nd
beautifulitobeaservant;providedyou
anddidnotslackenonthejobasfor
loyalty;atatihefaithfulper
foanyunpleasantduties;ithechiefvirtue
ofthefightingn
ayoungknightthereforeoshathewould
befaithfulasaservanttogodandasaservanttohisking
furtherre;heprosedtobegeneroustothosewhoseneed
erthanhisohathewould
behuleinhispersonalbehaviourandof
hisoplishntsandthathewouldbeafriendofall
thosedans;
heedtokillonsight
aroundthesevoerelythetenndnts
expressedinteriddleages
uldunderstand;theredevelopedaplicatedsystef
nnersandoutodel
theiropleofthoseheroesofarthurs
roundtableandcharlegnesurtofthetroubadours
hadtoldthendofyouyreadinnydelightful
bookseratedattheendofthisvolu
theyhopedthattheyghtproveasbraveaslancelotand
asfaithfulasrolandtheycarriedtheelveshdignity
andtheyspokecarefulandgraciousightbe
knoblethecutoftheirat
orthesizeoftheirpurse
inthiseaschoolofthose
goodnnersachinerychivalry
catoanurtesyandthefeudalcastleshohe
restoftheclothestooeat;hooask
aladyforadanceandthethousandandonelittlethingsof
everydaybehaviourakelifeinterestingand
agreeable
likeallhuninstitutions;knighthoodedto
perishassoonasithadoutliveditsusefulness
thecrusades;abouthenextchapterstells;
revivaloftradecitiesgre
thetoerich;hiredgoodschoolteachers
andsoonheequalsoftheknightstheinvention
ofgunpoed‘‘chevalierofhis
forradvantageandtheuseofrcenariesdeitioss
小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。
赞一下
添加书签加入书架